明成祖 Flashcards

1
Q

明太祖死後,孫朱允炆繼位,是為_____帝

A

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2
Q

恵帝以削藩來避免藩王對中央的威脅,燕王朱棣起兵,得宦官告密而登上帝位,史稱_____

A

靖難之變

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3
Q

明成祖以兵變奪了姪兒的帝位,自知得位不正,故行君主______措施

A

集權

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4
Q

明成祖即位後,繼續沿用______政策,遷都北京,中央接管北方邊防,禁諸王掌軍政權,軍政權收歸______

A

削藩 中央

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5
Q

對不願歸順的惠帝遺臣大加殺戮,如方孝儒「______ 」

A

誅十族

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6
Q

任用酷吏,誣陷臣民,令朝野______不安,常以誹謗皇帝或朝罪名,冤殺數以萬計的人

A

惶恐

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7
Q

設立______,挑選親信任內閣大學士,協助皇帝處理政務,聽從皇帝指示辦事,無決策權,有利君主______統治

A

內閣 獨裁

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8
Q

明成祖重用宦官,派宦官出使、監軍及鎮守地方,更設置特務機構______,由宦官掌管。

A

東廠

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9
Q

東廠與錦衣衛合稱______,共同監控臣民,加強君主獨裁統治

A

廠衛

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10
Q

皇帝獨攬大權,提高君主權威,強化______的政治秩序,鞏固統治,終明一代,沒有大臣犯上作亂之事

A

君尊臣卑

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11
Q

廢相後,皇帝政務繁重,日後昏庸之主難以獨力處理天下事,內閣雖能輔政,只作為顧問,辦事備受掣肘,致施政效率______,行政效率______

A

低 減慢

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12
Q

政風因循,太祖、成祖凌辱大臣,甚至大肆殺戮;特務風氣盛行,朝臣______,明哲保身,不敢有所作為,官場暮氣沉沉

A

因循苟且

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13
Q

成祖重用宦官,明中葉後,君主大多幼弱或昏庸,沒有丞相輔政,朝政落入宦官之手,宦官得以乘機竊取權力,導致宦官______之局

A

專權專政

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14
Q

明太祖禁止______讀書識字,明成祖開始讓宦官接受教育,成立專門負責宦官教育的機構______

A

宦官 內書堂

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15
Q

明朝政制,內閣成員閱覧奏章後,用紙條寫下意見,稱為「 ______ 」,皇帝以紅字對票擬作出批示,稱為「 ______ 」

A

票擬 批紅

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16
Q

明成祖想借方孝孺的名望提升自己的地位,方孝孺選擇對惠帝盡忠而拒絕明成祖要求他起草即位詔書,結果,朱棣對方孝孺實行中國歷史上唯一一次的「________ 」

A

誅十族(父族四:當時人父母兄弟姊妹及兒女,母族三:當時人外祖父母姨舅表親,妻族二:當時人岳父岳母,及當時人的門生及朋友作為一族)