微生物 Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus VS Clostridium 哪个厌氧,哪个需氧?

A

38 Clostri = closet anaerobic

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2
Q

Antrax在形态上 有什么保护机制?

A

38 Only bacterium with a capsule composed of protein. This capsule prevents phagocytosis.

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3
Q

炭疽的传染方式是什么? 会发生人-人传染吗?

A

38

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4
Q

炭疽杆菌和其他Bacillus的不同之处是什么?

A

38

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5
Q

炭疽杆菌在哪里被激活?

A

38

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6
Q

Bacillus cereus的三个特点是什么?

A

39

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7
Q

炭疽为什么适合作生物武器?

A

38

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8
Q

炭疽的外毒素由什么编码?

A

39 pXO1. pXO2编码包囊。

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9
Q

炭疽的外毒素主要由哪三种蛋白质组成?

A

EF+PA+LF 39

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10
Q

pXO1, pXO2 哪个是细菌毒力产生的原因?

A

Both plasmids are critical for bacterial virulence. 39

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11
Q

Bacillus cereus能产生哪两种外毒素?

A

耐热和不耐热 39

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12
Q

Clostridium主要包括哪些致病菌?

A

39 肉毒+破伤风+坏疽+艰难

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13
Q

在急诊室常遇到哪三种破伤风病人, 分别如何处理?

A

42

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14
Q

坏疽的致病菌是什么?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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15
Q

哪个实验可以区分葡萄球菌和链球菌?

A

Catalase 22

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16
Q

a- , b-, r-溶血性链球菌对RBC的溶解力区别?

A

22

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17
Q

哪个链球菌对bacitracin敏感, 哪个不敏感?

A

22 A组B溶血性对杆菌肽敏感,B组B溶血性不敏感 记忆:AB2敏感, B3就不敏感了

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18
Q

A组B溶血性链球菌可以引起哪些疾病?

A

猩红皮炎–》休克–》丰盛 23 前4种局部浸润或外毒素, 丰盛是delayed antibody mediated disease

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19
Q

A组B溶血性链球菌细胞壁有哪两种成分?

A

23 C carbohydrate+M protein

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20
Q

A组B溶血性链球菌有哪些酶?

A

23

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21
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis的治疗药物?

A

Penicillin G + clindamycin

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22
Q

为什么在治疗necrotizing fasciitis中要加入氯克林霉素?

A

23 阻断细菌代谢和抑制毒力生成

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23
Q

治疗Impetigo最好用什么抗生素? 为什么?

A

23 dicloxacillin 同时覆盖链球菌和金葡菌

24
Q

风湿热皮疹有什么特点?

A

脸部不受累24

25
Q

风湿性心脏病最常受累部位?

A

二尖瓣, 然后是主动脉瓣 25

26
Q

风湿热的临床表现有哪些?

A

热舞心关,皮结游红 24

27
Q

新生儿菌血症和脑膜炎最常见致病菌

A

B组B溶血性链球菌 25

28
Q

<3岁的小儿脑膜炎最常见的三种致病菌

A

25 李 大肠 BB 链

29
Q

Viridans Group Strep可以引起什么疾病?

A

25

30
Q

Viridans Group Strep有什么特点?

A

25 A溶血, Optochin 抵抗

31
Q

A组B溶血性链球菌中对溶血相关的两个酶是什么? 有什么区别?

A

Streptolysin O, Streptolysin S, 前者有抗原性, 后者无

32
Q

粪链球菌的特点?

A

27 1)Group D r+ 球菌 2) pyr test +; 3) catalase +; 4) 在40%胆汁+6.5%NaCl中可以水解esculin

33
Q

肺炎球菌的三大特点?

A

27 胆汁中溶解;a 溶血;对 optochin 敏感

34
Q

实验室诊断肺炎球菌常用哪两个实验?

A

Quellung reaction + optochin sensitivity 28

35
Q

肺炎球菌除引起肺炎外, 还常引起哪两种疾病?

A

28 小儿: 中耳炎;成人:脑膜炎

36
Q

哪些人群应该接种肺炎疫苗?

A

28 老人, 免疫抑制, HIV, 无脾

37
Q

金葡菌和链球菌的共同点是什么?

A

都是B溶血, 但金葡菌会在羊血琼脂上形成金色光环, 借此与链球菌区别

38
Q

如何区别三种金葡菌?

A

只有金葡菌coagulase +, which activates prothrombin, causing blood to clot.

39
Q

金葡菌的毒力因子有哪些?

A

32+33 6蛋白4蛋白3外毒素

40
Q

金葡菌可以引起哪些疾病?

A

33

41
Q

金葡菌和A组溶血性链球菌都可以引起中毒休克综合症, 有什么区别?

A

33, 金葡菌产生的TSST-1毒力要强很多。

42
Q

抗生素可以治愈toxic shock syndrome吗/

A

34, 有效, 但主要由外毒素引起而不是细菌, 所以不能治愈

43
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 和TSS 有什么区别?

A

34, 要注意和药疹区别

44
Q

脑膜炎球菌和淋球菌的共同点

A

肾豆状双球菌,两凹面互对形成doughnut,G-, facultative-anaerobe,在高CO2下生长良好

45
Q

脑膜炎球菌和淋球菌的区别

A

脑膜炎球菌:ferment maltose+glucose. 淋球菌: ferments only glucose (m,g 在脑膜炎中都有, 淋病没有m,只有g)

46
Q

什么叫做脑膜炎的自然免疫

A

50

47
Q

脑膜炎球菌会存在于人群中吗?

A

会,5%人群存在鼻咽部,叫脑膜炎携带者, 这种人不会得脑膜炎, 因为自然免疫了。 50

48
Q

脑膜炎的危险人群是哪些?

A

6个月-2岁小儿+army recruits 50

49
Q

奈瑟菌可以发酵catalase吗?

A

可以 50

50
Q

脑膜炎的皮疹叫什么?

A

petechial rash 淤点 这是由内毒素引起的。 50

51
Q

脑膜炎球菌的特殊培养基是什么?

A

Thayer-Martin VPN V= vancomycin kills G+, C=colistin (polymyxin) kills G-, N=Nystatin, eliminates fungi . It’s a cholocate agar with antibiotics

52
Q

脑膜炎的治疗

A

青霉素G 或头孢曲松鈉 或其他第三代头孢

53
Q

脑膜炎的预防

A

rifampin 对密切接触人群

54
Q

脑膜炎包膜有几个血清型?哪几个和脑膜炎有关?

A

一共9个, 其中A, B, C 和脑膜炎有关

55
Q

淋病治疗

A

头孢曲松鈉+多西环素

56
Q

新生儿淋球菌眼病治疗

A

出生后立刻给于红霉素眼药水预防淋病+衣原体性结膜炎。同时系统性头孢曲松鈉+ 红霉素糖浆口服

57
Q

为什么在新生儿淋球菌眼病的系统治疗中必须加入红霉素糖浆?

A

必须协同预防衣原体结膜炎, 否则会导致衣原体肺炎