呼吸科 Flashcards

0
Q

COPD诊断

A

吸入支气管舒张剂后FEV1/FVC<70%;同时排除其他已知病因或具有特征病理表现的气道阻塞和气流受限疾病。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

A

慢性阻塞性肺病;

特征:持续性气流受限,呈不可逆性、进行性发展

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

COPD严重程度分级

A

I级:轻度;FEV1》80%预计值
II级:中度;50%《FEV1《80%预计值
III级:重度;30%《FEV1《50%预计值
IV级:极重度;FEV1《30%预计值

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PE(pulmonary embolism)

A

以各种栓子阻塞肺动脉系统所致的一组疾病或临床综合征的总称

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

肺梗死三联征

A

呼吸困难、胸痛、咯血

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PE心电图S I Q III T III征

A

I导联S波加深,III导联出现Q/q波及T波倒置

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

卡特金纳综合征(Kartagener syndrome)

A

右位心、鼻窦炎、支气管扩张

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

上腔静脉阻塞综合征

A

肿瘤直接侵犯纵隔或者转移淋巴结压迫上腔静脉,使其回流受阻产生胸壁静脉曲张和上肢、颈面部水肿。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Horner综合征

A

颈交感神经受压,引起患侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷,同侧额部与胸壁无汗或少汗,感觉异常。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

肺癌解剖学部位分类

A

中央型肺癌,约占3/4,以鳞状上皮细胞癌和小细胞肺癌较多见;

周围型肺癌,约占1/4,以腺癌较多见。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

特发性肺纤维化(IPF)

A

是原因不明的慢性间质性肺疾病中较为常见的代表性疾病。临床多表现为进行性呼吸困难伴有刺激性干咳,双肺闻及Velcro啰音,常有杵状指(趾)。胸部X线主要表现为双肺底和周围分布的弥漫性网格状、蜂窝状阴影,肺功能为限制性通气障碍。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

胸腔积液Light标准

A

符合任意一条考虑渗出液,反之漏出液:
1、胸腔积液蛋白量/血清蛋白量>0.5;
2、胸腔积液中LDH含量>200U/L或>正常血清LDH最高值的2/3;
3、胸腔积液LDH/血清LDH比值>0.6。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

呼吸衰竭

A

I型呼衰:PaO250mmHg。

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

弥漫性间质性肺疾病(ILD)

A
是以肺泡壁为主并包括肺泡周围组织及其相邻支撑结构病变的一种非肿瘤非感染性疾病群。
临床特点:
1、活动后呼吸困难;
2、X线胸片可见双肺弥漫性阴影;
3、肺功能表现为限制性通气障碍、弥散功能降低和肺泡-动脉血氧分压差增大;
4、组织学显示不同程度的纤维化和炎症性病变伴或不伴有肺实质肉芽肿或继发性血管病变。
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly