兩晉南北朝 Flashcards

1
Q

誰篡位自立建國號晉?定都于?

A

魏國大臣司馬炎(晉武帝);定都洛陽

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2
Q

晉武帝出身于士族對朝廷有什麽影響?

A

他大力扶植士族掌政,結果他們競逐奢華,朝廷貪污成風,政治腐敗

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3
Q

晉武帝為防皇室孤立,做了什麽?

A

分封大批皇室子弟爲王

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4
Q

武帝死後誰繼位?誰把持朝政?

A

兒子惠帝;其妻賈后

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5
Q

賈后做了什麽?導致什麽?

A

她殺害宗室,引起個封王的不滿。爆發了一場宗室爭權奪利的内戰,諸王互相攻殺,稱“八王之亂”

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6
Q

西晉初年,北部邊境的胡人做什麽?晉武帝有什麽反應?以致什麽?

A

胡人大量內徙,晉武帝任由胡人歸附,以致胡族勢力坐大

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7
Q

八王之亂尚未結束時,匈奴族的誰做了什麽?

A

首領劉淵率先叛晉自立,自稱漢王

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8
Q

劉淵兒子做了什麽?

A

劉聰于永嘉五年派兵攻陷洛陽,俘虜了晉懷帝,放火焚燒,屠殺官民幾萬人

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9
Q

劉淵劉聰所做的稱?

A

永嘉之亂

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10
Q

五胡

A

匈奴、鮮卑、羯、羌、氐

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11
Q

五胡亂華

A

五胡不斷擾亂中原,在北方先後建立了十多個割據政權

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12
Q

西晉滅亡(永嘉之亂后)

A

懷帝被匈奴人所殺,其侄愍帝被擁立于長安,匈奴兵攻入長安,俘虜愍帝

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13
Q

西晉滅亡后,皇室和士族去哪裏?他們以誰爲首做什麽?

A

陸續遷到江南一帶避亂。以王導爲首爭取江南本地士族的支持,共同擁立鎮守建康的司馬睿(晉元帝)

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14
Q

東晉定都?王導為?

A

建康。丞相

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15
Q

東晉北伐爲什麽失敗?

A

晉室君臣及士族苟且偷安、不思振作,無心支援北伐

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16
Q

東晉北伐成就較大的將領有哪些?

A

祖逖、桓溫、劉裕

17
Q

誰篡位自立建國號宋?

A

劉裕

18
Q

南朝四國

A

宋齊梁陳

19
Q

北朝七國

A

北魏
東魏 西魏
北齊 北周
北周

20
Q

南北以什麽為界

A

淮水爲界

21
Q

北魏是哪一個族和部的政權?

A

鮮卑族拓跋部

22
Q

誰把北緯分割成東、西兩部?

A

高歡、宇文泰

23
Q

誰篡北周另建隋朝?

A

漢人楊堅(隋文帝)

24
Q

前秦是那類人的政權?君主是?

A

氐人。苻堅

25
Q

東晉與前秦之間發生的戰事叫?

A

淝水之戰

26
Q

淝水之戰時,東晉丞相命誰率八萬精兵迎敵?

A

謝安命謝石、謝玄

27
Q

苻堅將朱序做了什麽?朱序反而做了什麽?

A

苻堅將朱序到晉營招降,朱序反而將秦軍虛實密告謝石

28
Q

淝水之戰開始前,晉軍要求秦軍做什麽?

A

後撤

29
Q

秦軍後退時發生什麽事?

A

朱序乘機高呼“秦軍敗了!”,令秦軍亂了陣脚

30
Q

淝水之戰失敗后對北方的影響?

A

北方重新處於分裂割據的狀態