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نظري Flashcards

1
Q

grow in very salty water. Aerobic, can be autotrophic

A

Halophiles

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2
Q

growth in very hot temperature, e.g. hot springs,
anaerobes

A

Thermophiles

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3
Q

Gram Staining, Shapes, arrangements, motility

A

Microscopic morphology

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4
Q

colony appearance, motility

A

Macroscopic morphology

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5
Q

aerobic, anaerobic, photosynthetic, growth on selective media

A

Physiological / biochemical characteristics

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6
Q

e.g.peptides and lipids in cell membranes

A

Chemical analysis

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7
Q

which phage infects the bacterium

A

Phage Typing

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8
Q

what antibodies are produced
against the bacterium

A

Serological analysis

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9
Q

what diseases does the bacterium cause.

A

Pathogenicity

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10
Q

G + C base composition
DNA analysis using genetic probes Nucleic acid sequencing & rRNA analysis

A

Genetic & molecular analysis

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11
Q

anaerobes, produce methane as waste product, sewage, landfills, swamps

A

Methanogens

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12
Q

Are prokaryotes
Can be autotrophs and heterotrophs

A

Eubacteria

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13
Q

require oxygen to grow (mycobacteria)

A

obligate aerobes

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14
Q

only grow in absence of oxygen (clostridium tetanus)

A

obligate anaerobes:

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15
Q

can grow in oxygen and without oxygen (Enterobacteriaceae)

A

facultative anaerobes:

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16
Q

require low concentrations of oxygen E.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

microaerophilic aerobes (microaerophiles):

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17
Q

grows better in absence of oxygen

A

aerotolerant anaerobes:

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18
Q

– contains bile
– selects for the Enterobacteriaceae

A

MacConkey agar:

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19
Q

– contains colistin and nalidixic acid
– selects for Staphylococci and Streptococci.

A

CAN blood agar:

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20
Q

Selective media:
Sodium azide

A

selects for gram-positive bacteria over gram-negative bacteria
-Bile salts (eg, sodium deoxycholate)—

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21
Q

Acute illness due to the presence of pathogens or their toxins in the blood

A

Septicemia

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22
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS

A

Sepsis

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23
Q

Inflamed lymph vessels

A

Lymphangitis

24
Q

Decreased blood pressure and dysfunction of at least one organ

A

Severe sepsis

25
Q

Sepsis and uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

A

Septic Shock

26
Q

Klebsiella spp., E.coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are most frequently
involved

A

Gram-Negative Sepsis

27
Q

Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis

A

Gram-Positive Sepsis

28
Q

-Autoimmune complication of S. pyogenes infections -Inflammation of the heart valves
-Immune reaction against Streptococcal M protein
-Subcutaneous nodules at the joints

A

Rheumatic Fever

29
Q

Caused by Bacillus anthracis

30
Q

• Gram-positive endospores-forming aerobic rod

A

Bacillus anthracis

31
Q

binds the toxins to target cells, permitting their entry

A

Protective antigen:

32
Q

causes local swelling and interferes with phagocytosis

A

Edema toxin:

33
Q

targets and kills macrophages

A

Lethal toxin:

34
Q

Endospores enter through a minor cut
20% mortaility rate without treatment

A

Cutaneous anthrax

35
Q

• Ingestion of undercooked, contaminated food
• >50% mortality rate

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

36
Q

• Inhalation of endospores
• Bacteria enter the bloodstream; progresses into septic shock
• Near 100% mortality rate

A

Inhalational (pulmonary) anthrax

37
Q

Vaccination of livestock

38
Q

loss of blood supply

39
Q

death of tissue

40
Q

death of soft tissue

41
Q

Caused by Clostridium perfringens,
a gram-positive, endospores-forming anaerobic rod

A

Ø Gas gangrene

42
Q

Caused by Yersinia pestis

43
Q

Transmitted by the rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)

44
Q

Endemic to rats, ground squirrels, and prairie dogs

45
Q

Flea bites the host and ingested blood is regurgitated into the host.

Cause intense swellings called buboes

46
Q

Bacterial growth in the blood and lymph
• Most common from 50-75% mortality rate

A

Bubonic plague

47
Q

• Septic shock due to bacteria in the blood

A

Septicemic plague

48
Q

• Bacteria in the lungs.
• Easily spread by airborne droplets
• Near 100% mortality rate
Ø Antibiotic prophylaxis for exposure.

A

Pneumonic plague

49
Q

Most prevalent STD in the world

50
Q

Gram (-) diplococci, Neisseria gonorrhea

51
Q

Virulent strains have pili (fimbrae) for attachment, and outer membrane proteins and lipids help the bacteria escape phagocytosis

52
Q

Purulent (pus forming) urethritis in males – painful urination often called the “clap” old std films in the services

53
Q

causative agent – Treponema pallidum,

54
Q

causes ؟
Urinary Tract Infection

A

E. coli usually normal flora,

55
Q

UTI infections
Production is key factor is this infection

Bacteriology (3 decks)

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