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Parasitology > مرسل من الدكتور > Flashcards

مرسل من الدكتور Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of fascioliasis?

A

Fasciola

Fasciola is a genus of trematodes, commonly known as liver flukes.

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2
Q

In fascioliasis, what is the intermediate host of the larval stage?

A

Lymnaea

Lymnaea is a genus of freshwater snails that serve as the intermediate host.

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3
Q

What is the habitat of Fasciola in the human body?

A

Bile ducts

Fasciola resides primarily in the bile ducts of the liver.

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4
Q

What is the infective stage of fascioliasis?

A

Encysted metacercaria

The encysted metacercaria is the form that infects the definitive host.

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5
Q

What is the mode of infection for fascioliasis?

A

Ingestion of contaminated water or plants

Humans typically acquire the infection by consuming contaminated aquatic plants.

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6
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of fascioliasis?

A

Acute and chronic phases

Acute fascioliasis is characterized by fever and abdominal pain, while chronic fascioliasis can lead to biliary obstruction.

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7
Q

What is the causative agent of clonorchiasis?

A

Clonorchis

Clonorchis sinensis is the primary species causing clonorchiasis.

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8
Q

What is the habitat of Clonorchis in the human body?

A

Bile ducts

Clonorchis resides in the bile ducts, similar to Fasciola.

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9
Q

What is the infective stage of clonorchiasis?

A

Metacercaria

The infective form is typically ingested through contaminated fish.

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10
Q

What is the mode of infection for clonorchiasis?

A

Ingestion of undercooked fish

Consumption of fish infected with metacercaria leads to infection.

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11
Q

What is the causative agent of heterophyiasis?

A

Heterophyes

Heterophyes heterophyes is the main species associated with heterophyiasis.

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12
Q

What is the habitat of Heterophyes in the human body?

A

Intestinal tract

Heterophyes resides in the intestines of the definitive host.

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of paragonimiasis?

A

Paragonimus

Paragonimus westermani is the species most commonly associated with paragonimiasis.

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14
Q

What is the habitat of Paragonimus in the human body?

A

Lungs

Paragonimus typically resides in the lung tissue.

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15
Q

What are the nutritional deficiencies caused by helminthic diseases?

A
  • Iron
  • Vitamin B12
  • Folic acid
  • Vitamin A

These deficiencies arise due to malabsorption caused by helminthic infections.

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16
Q

Tapeworms can have either _______ or _______ infective stages.

A

1 IS or 2 IS

IS refers to the number of infective stages in the life cycle of tapeworms.

17
Q

True or False: Tapeworms have asexual stages in human tissues.

A

True

Tapeworms can have asexual reproduction stages that occur within human tissues.

18
Q

What is one way worms maintain their position in the host?

A

By using hooks or suckers

Many helminths use specialized structures to anchor themselves in the host’s tissues.

19
Q

What is the infective form of Strongyloides?

A
  • Rhabditiform larva
  • Filariform larvae
  • Eggs

Filariform larvae are the primary infective stage for Strongyloides stercoralis.

20
Q

What are the modes of infection associated with nematodes?

A
  • Direct
  • Indirect
  • Internal
  • External

Nematodes can infect hosts through various routes depending on the species.

21
Q

What is the infective stage of Ancylostoma?

A
  • Filariform larva
  • Non-embryonated egg
  • First stage rhabditiform larva
  • Second stage rhabditiform larva
  • Embryonated egg

Ancylostoma can infect hosts through multiple life cycle stages.

22
Q

What are some clinical signs associated with helminthic diseases?

A

Malabsorption, steatorrhoea

Helminthic infections can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as malabsorption and fat in stools.

23
Q

What is Pica?

A

An eating disorder characterized by the consumption of non-food items

Commonly includes substances like dirt, clay, or chalk.

24
Q

What is Geophagia?

A

The practice of eating earth or soil-like substances

Often associated with cultural practices or nutritional deficiencies.

25
Q

Which helminthic disease is complicated by rectal prolapse?

A

Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, and Trichuriasis

These are all parasitic infections caused by different types of helminths.

26
Q

Which helminths migrate in human lungs?

A

Nematodes

Nematodes are a type of roundworm that can migrate through the lungs during their life cycle.

27
Q

Fill in the blank: Nematodes need an ______ to complete their life cycle.

A

intermediate host

28
Q

True or False: All helminthic diseases can lead to rectal prolapse.

A

False

Only specific helminthic infections like Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, and Trichuriasis are associated with this complication.

29
Q

List three helminthic diseases mentioned.

A
  • Ascariasis
  • Enterobiasis
  • Trichuriasis

Parasitology (5 decks)

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