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Pharma2 MCQs > أسئلة ضع دائرة على أول جزء من الذهان > Flashcards

أسئلة ضع دائرة على أول جزء من الذهان Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Disorganized thought
d. Anhedonia

A

The correct answer is: d. Anhedonia.

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2
Q

The prevalence of schizophrenia in the general population is approximately:
a. 0.1%
b. 1%
c. 5%
d. 10%

A

The correct answer is: b. 1%

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3
Q

True regarding schizophrenia:
a. It affects more men than women
b. It has no genetic component
c. It is possibly a dysfunction of the mesolimbic or mesocortical neuronal pathway
d. It only presents with positive symptoms

A

The correct answer is: c. It is possibly a dysfunction of the mesolimbic or mesocortical neuronal pathway

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4
Q

Which of the following supports the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
a. Repeated administration of depressants can cause psychosis
b. High doses of amphetamine induce psychotic reactions in all individuals
c. Stress has no effect on recovered amphetamine addicts
d. Low doses of amphetamine can induce a psychotic reaction in schizophrenics in remission

A

The correct answer is: d. Low doses of amphetamine can induce a psychotic reaction in schizophrenics in remission

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5
Q

All of the following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT:
a. Blunted emotions
b. Anhedonia
c. Lack of feeling
d. Hallucinations

A

The correct answer is: d. Hallucinations

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6
Q

Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Social withdrawal
b. Inappropriate emotions
c. Memory issues
d. Loss of motivation

A

The correct answer is: c. Memory issues

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7
Q

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is supported by the fact that:
a. Antipsychotic drugs increase dopamine levels
b. Stimulants that enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause psychosis
c. Schizophrenia patients have low levels of dopamine
d. Dopamine agonists are effective in treating schizophrenia

A

The correct answer is: b. Stimulants that enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause psychosis

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8
Q

Which statement about schizophrenia is true?
a. It affects 10% of the population
b. It has no genetic component
c. It affects men and women equally
d. It only presents with negative symptoms

A

The correct answer is: c. It affects men and women equally

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9
Q

Which of the following statements about antipsychotics is NOT correct?
a. They are also known as “neuroleptics”
b. They are primarily used to treat schizophrenia
c. They eliminate the fundamental and chronic thoughts of schizophrenia
d. They decrease dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission

A

The correct answer is: c. They eliminate the fundamental and chronic thoughts of schizophrenia

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10
Q

The classification of first-generation antipsychotics as “low potency” or “high potency” indicates:
a. Their clinical effectiveness
b. Their affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor
c. Their ability to treat negative symptoms
d. Their rate of metabolism

A

The correct answer is: b. Their affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor

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11
Q

Which of the following is a second-generation antipsychotic?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Haloperidol
c. Risperidone
d. Fluphenazine

A

The correct answer is: c. Risperidone

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12
Q

True regarding antipsychotic drugs:
a. They are curative for schizophrenia
b. They increase dopaminergic neurotransmission
c. They represent several diverse, heterocyclic structures with marked different potencies
d. They are only effective against positive symptoms

A

c. They represent several diverse, heterocyclic structures with marked different potencies

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13
Q

Which of the following is a high potency first-generation antipsychotic?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Thioridazine
c. Haloperidol
d. Quetiapine

A

The correct answer is: c. Haloperidol

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14
Q

Antipsychotics primarily work by:
a. Increasing serotonin levels
b. Decreasing dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission
c. Eliminating the fundamental causes of schizophrenia
d. Increasing GABA neurotransmission

A

b. Decreasing dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission

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15
Q

Which statement about the classification of antipsychotics is correct?
a. It indicates the drug’s ability to treat negative symptoms
b. It is based on the drug’s metabolism rate
c. It does not indicate clinical effectiveness
d. It is based on the drug’s ability to cross the blood-brain barrier

A

The correct answer is: c. It does not indicate clinical effectiveness

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16
Q

Which of the following is a low potency first-generation antipsychotic?
a. Fluphenazine
b. Haloperidol
c. Prochlorperazine
d. Clozapine

A

The correct answer is: c. Prochlorperazine

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17
Q

What is the primary mechanism of action of first-generation antipsychotics?
a. Competitive blocking of D2 dopamine receptors
b. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
c. Activation of GABA receptors
d. Blocking of histamine receptors

A

The correct answer is: a. Competitive blocking of D2 dopamine receptors

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18
Q

Which statement about first-generation antipsychotics is TRUE?
a. They are less likely to cause movement disorders
b. Drugs that bind tightly to dopaminergic neuroreceptors are less likely to cause movement disorders
c. Chlorpromazine is more likely to cause movement disorders than haloperidol
d. No one first-generation drug is clinically more effective than another

A

The correct answer is: d. No one first-generation drug is clinically more effective than another

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19
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Fewer extrapyramidal symptoms
b. Higher incidence of metabolic side effects
c. Lower risk of movement disorders
d. Lower incidence of weight gain

A

The correct answer is: d. Lower incidence of weight gain

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a metabolic side effect associated with second-generation antipsychotics?
a. Diabetes
b. Hypercholesterolemia
c. Weight gain
d. Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

The correct answer is: d. Extrapyramidal symptoms

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21
Q

In drug selection for antipsychotic treatment, which of the following is TRUE?
a. First-generation agents are preferred to minimize movement disorders
b. Second-generation agents are commonly chosen to minimize the risk of movement disorders
c. All second-generation drugs can be used interchangeably
d. Patient response and comorbid conditions are not considered in drug selection

A

The correct answer is: b. Second-generation agents are commonly chosen to minimize the risk of movement disorders

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22
Q

Which statement about antipsychotic drug selection is FALSE?
a. Second-generation drugs are preferred to minimize movement disorders
b. Individual patient response guides drug selection
c. Comorbid conditions are considered in drug selection
d. All second-generation drugs produce the same response in all patients

A

The correct answer is: d. All second-generation drugs produce the same response in all patients

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23
Q

First-generation antipsychotics that bind tightly to dopaminergic neuroreceptors, such as haloperidol, are:
a. Less likely to cause movement disorders
b. More likely to cause movement disorders
c. Equally likely to cause movement disorders as those that bind weakly
d. Not associated with any movement disorders

A

The correct answer is: b. More likely to cause movement disorders

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24
Q

Which of the following dopamine receptors inhibit neurons?
a. D1 and D5
b. D2, D3, and D4
c. D1, D2, and D3
d. D4 and D5

A

The correct answer is: b. D2, D3, and D4

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25
Q

True regarding the mechanism of action of antipsychotics:
a. They primarily activate dopamine receptors
b. They block dopamine receptors only in the periphery
c. All first-generation and most second-generation antipsychotics block dopamine receptors
d. They have no effect on serotonin receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. All first-generation and most second-generation antipsychotics block dopamine receptors

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26
Q

The clinical efficacy of antipsychotics is primarily associated with:
a. Blocking D1 receptors in the substantia nigra
b. Blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system
c. Activating D4 receptors in the prefrontal cortex
d. Blocking 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nuclei

A

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system

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27
Q

Compared to chlorpromazine, haloperidol is:
a. 10 times more potent toward D2 receptors
b. 50 times more potent toward D2 receptors
c. 100 times more potent toward D2 receptors
d. Equally potent toward D2 receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. 100 times more potent toward D2 receptors

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28
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about clozapine?
a. It has a higher affinity for D2 receptors than D4 receptors
b. It has a higher affinity for D4 receptors than D2 receptors
c. It has equal affinity for all dopamine receptors
d. It does not bind to any dopamine receptors

A

The correct answer is: b. It has a higher affinity for D4 receptors than D2 receptors

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29
Q

The actions of antipsychotic drugs are antagonized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Levodopa
b. Amphetamines
c. Bromocriptine
d. Haloperidol

A

The correct answer is: d. Haloperidol

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30
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics exert their unique effect primarily by:
a. Blocking D1 receptors
b. Activating D2 receptors
c. Inhibiting 5-HT2A receptors
d. Activating 5-HT1A receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. Inhibiting 5-HT2A receptors

31
Q

Which statement about the mechanism of action of antipsychotics is FALSE?
a. They bind to dopamine receptors to varying degrees
b. They block serotonin receptors in addition to dopamine receptors
c. Their effects are enhanced by levodopa and amphetamines
d. Second-generation drugs often inhibit 5-HT2A receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. Their effects are enhanced by levodopa and amphetamines

32
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about clozapine’s receptor affinity?
a. It has a high affinity for D2 receptors
b. It has a low affinity for muscarinic receptors
c. It has a high affinity for D4 receptors
d. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist

A

The correct answer is: c. It has a high affinity for D4 receptors

33
Q

Risperidone’s receptor blocking profile is characterized by:
a. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors
b. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors
c. Equal blocking of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors
d. No effect on 5-HT2A receptors

A

The correct answer is: b. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors

34
Q

Which of the following describes the pharmacological action of aripiprazole?
a. Full agonist at D2 receptors
b. Antagonist at 5-HT1A receptors
c. Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors
d. Full agonist at 5-HT2A receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors

35
Q

Quetiapine’s receptor blocking profile is characterized by:
a. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors
b. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors
c. Equal blocking of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors
d. No effect on D2 receptors

A

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors

36
Q

hich antipsychotic drug is described as a weak dopamine D2-receptor antagonist?
a. Risperidone
b. Aripiprazole
c. Quetiapine
d. Clozapine

A

The correct answer is: d. Clozapine

37
Q

True regarding the receptor affinity of antipsychotics:
a. All antipsychotics have the same receptor affinity profile
b. Clozapine has a low affinity for muscarinic receptors
c. Aripiprazole acts as a blocker of 5-HT2A receptors
d. Risperidone primarily blocks D1 receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole acts as a blocker of 5-HT2A receptors

38
Q

Which antipsychotic drug has a unique partial agonist activity at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors?
a. Clozapine
b. Risperidone
c. Aripiprazole
d. Quetiapine

A

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole

39
Q

All of the following statements about clozapine are true EXCEPT:
a. It has a high affinity for D1 receptors
b. It has a high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors
c. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist
d. It has a high affinity for a-adrenergic receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist

40
Q

The primary mechanism of action for antipsychotics is:
a. Activation of dopamine receptors
b. Blockade of GABA receptors
c. Blockade at dopamine and/or serotonin receptors
d. Activation of glutamate receptors

A

The correct answer is: c. Blockade at dopamine and/or serotonin receptors

41
Q

Which of the following statements about antipsychotic effects is TRUE?
a. They primarily reduce negative symptoms of schizophrenia
b. They reduce positive symptoms more effectively than negative symptoms
c. Their effects are immediate
d. They worsen cognitive impairment

A

The correct answer is: b. They reduce positive symptoms more effectively than negative symptoms

42
Q

The delayed onset of antipsychotic effects is due to:
a. Slow absorption of the drug
b. Gradual accumulation in the brain
c. Secondary changes in the corticostriatal pathway
d. Immediate receptor blockade

A

The correct answer is: c. Secondary changes in the corticostriatal pathway

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of antipsychotic drugs?
a. They have a calming effect
b. They reduce spontaneous physical movement
c. They significantly depress intellectual functioning
d. They ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent

A

The correct answer is: c. They significantly depress intellectual functioning

44
Q

Compared to barbiturates, antipsychotics:
a. Cause more motor coordination difficulties
b. Have a stronger depressant effect on intellectual functioning
c. Have minimal effect on motor coordination
d. Do not have any calming effect

A

The correct answer is: c. Have minimal effect on motor coordination

45
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine, are known to:
a. Only affect positive symptoms
b. Ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent
c. Worsen cognitive impairment
d. Have no effect on negative symptoms

A

The correct answer is: b. Ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent

46
Q

The antipsychotic effects of antipsychotic drugs usually:
a. Occur immediately after administration
b. Take several weeks to manifest
c. Take several days to occur
d. Only affect positive symptoms

A

The correct answer is: c. Take several days to occur

47
Q

All of the following are true about antipsychotic actions EXCEPT:
a. They reduce hallucinations and delusions
b. They have a minimal effect on intellectual functioning
c. They significantly impair motor coordination
d. They have a calming effect

A

The correct answer is: c. They significantly impair motor coordination

48
Q

Which of the following is NOT an extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotics?
a. Dystonias
b. Akathisia
c. Tardive dyskinesia
d. Hallucinations

A

The correct answer is: d. Hallucinations

49
Q

ardive dyskinesia is characterized by:
a. Sustained contraction of muscles
b. Motor restlessness
c. Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, neck, trunk, and limbs
d. Parkinsonian symptoms

A

The correct answer is: c. Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, neck, trunk, and limbs

50
Q

The extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics are likely caused by:
a. Blocking serotonin receptors in the cortex
b. Blocking dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway
c. Activating dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway
d. Blocking GABA receptors in the basal ganglia

A

The correct answer is: b. Blocking dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway

51
Q

Second-generation antipsychotics are characterized by:
a. Higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms
b. Lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms
c. No effect on extrapyramidal symptoms
d. Complete elimination of extrapyramidal symptoms

A

The correct answer is: b. Lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms

52
Q

The antiemetic effect of antipsychotics is due to:
a. Blocking H1 receptors in the stomach
b. Blocking D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
c. Activating 5-HT3 receptors in the brainstem
d. Blocking muscarinic receptors in the vestibular system

A

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

53
Q

Which of the following antipsychotics does NOT have an antiemetic effect?
a. Haloperidol
b. Chlorpromazine
c. Aripiprazole
d. Risperidone

A

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole

54
Q

Which of the following antipsychotics does NOT have an antiemetic effect?
a. Haloperidol
b. Chlorpromazine
c. Clozapine.
d. Thioridazine.

A

The correct answer is: d. Thioridazine.

55
Q

Akathisia is best described as:
a. Sustained muscle contractions
b. Motor restlessness
c. Involuntary tongue movements
d. Parkinsonian tremor

A

The correct answer is: b. Motor restlessness

56
Q

True regarding the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics:
a. They only occur with second-generation antipsychotics
b. They are caused by serotonin receptor blockade
c. They include dystonias and akathisia
d. They are more common with atypical antipsychotics

A

The correct answer is: c. They include dystonias and akathisia

57
Q

Which of the following is NOT an anticholinergic effect of antipsychotics?
a. Blurred vision
b. Dry mouth
c. Constipation
d. Increased salivation

A

The correct answer is: d. Increased salivation

58
Q

The antipsychotic that exceptionally increases salivation is:
a. Thioridazine
b. Chlorpromazine
c. Clozapine
d. Olanzapine

A

The correct answer is: c. Clozapine

59
Q

Orthostatic hypotension and light-headedness caused by antipsychotics are due to:
a. Dopamine receptor blockade
b. Alpha receptor blockade
c. Histamine receptor antagonism
d. Muscarinic receptor blockade

A

The correct answer is: b. Alpha receptor blockade

60
Q

The condition in which body temperature varies with the environment due to antipsychotic use is called:
a. Hypothermia
b. Hyperthermia
c. Poikilothermia
d. Homeothermia

A

The correct answer is: c. Poikilothermia

61
Q

Sedation caused by antipsychotics is primarily due to:
a. Dopamine receptor blockade
b. Serotonin receptor blockade
c. GABA receptor activation
d. Histamine receptor antagonism

A

The correct answer is: d. Histamine receptor antagonism

62
Q

Which of the following antipsychotics is NOT associated with sedation?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Olanzapine
c. Clozapine
d. Haloperidol

A

The correct answer is: d. Haloperidol

63
Q

All of the following are anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics EXCEPT:
a. Urinary retention
b. Confusion
c. Orthostatic hypotension
d. Constipation

A

The correct answer is: c. Orthostatic hypotension

64
Q

True regarding the effects of antipsychotics:
a. They do not affect sexual function
b. They cause ketoacidosis in all patients
c. They can cause sexual dysfunction
d. They alleviate negative symptoms of schizophrenia more than positive symptoms

A

The correct answer is: c. They can cause sexual dysfunction

65
Q

Which statement about the treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is TRUE?
a. All patients respond to treatment
b. Complete normalization of behavior is always achieved
c. First-generation antipsychotics alleviate negative symptoms more
d. Second-generation antipsychotics are indicated for patients resistant to first-generation antipsychotics

A

The correct answer is: d. Second-generation antipsychotics are indicated for patients resistant to first-generation antipsychotics

66
Q

Clozapine is reserved for:
a. First-line treatment of schizophrenia
b. Treatment of individuals not responsive to other neuroleptics
c. Prevention of nausea and vomiting
d. Treatment of Tourette’s disorder

A

b. Treatment of individuals not responsive to other neuroleptics

67
Q

Which antipsychotic is most commonly used for severe drug-induced nausea?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Clozapine
c. Prochlorperazine
d. Risperidone

A

The correct answer is: c. Prochlorperazine

68
Q

For motion sickness, which of the following is recommended instead of antipsychotics?
a. Prochlorperazine
b. Chlorpromazine
c. Scopolamine
d. Risperidone

A

The correct answer is: c. Scopolamine

69
Q

Which antipsychotic is used to treat intractable hiccups?
a. Haloperidol
b. Chlorpromazine
c. Risperidone
d. Olanzapine

A

The correct answer is: b. Chlorpromazine

70
Q

Promethazine is used in the treatment of pruritis due to its:
a. Antipsychotic effects
b. Antihistamine effects
c. Anticholinergic effects
d. Dopamine-blocking effects

A

The correct answer is: b. Antihistamine effects

71
Q

Which antipsychotics are used to reduce motor and phonic tics in Tourette’s disorder?
a. Clozapine and olanzapine
b. Risperidone and aripiprazole
c. Pimozide and haloperidol
d. Chlorpromazine and promethazine

A

The correct answer is: c. Pimozide and haloperidol

72
Q

Risperidone and aripiprazole are used to treat:
a. Motion sickness
b. Intractable hiccups
c. Pruritis
d. Disruptive behavior and irritability secondary to autism

A

The correct answer is: d. Disruptive behavior and irritability secondary to autism

73
Q
A

Pharma2 MCQs (6 decks)

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