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Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Hallucinations
b. Delusions
c. Disorganized thought
d. Anhedonia

Answer 1

The correct answer is: d. Anhedonia.

Question 2

The prevalence of schizophrenia in the general population is approximately:
a. 0.1%
b. 1%
c. 5%
d. 10%

Answer 2

The correct answer is: b. 1%

Question 3

True regarding schizophrenia:
a. It affects more men than women
b. It has no genetic component
c. It is possibly a dysfunction of the mesolimbic or mesocortical neuronal pathway
d. It only presents with positive symptoms

Answer 3

The correct answer is: c. It is possibly a dysfunction of the mesolimbic or mesocortical neuronal pathway

Question 4

Which of the following supports the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
a. Repeated administration of depressants can cause psychosis
b. High doses of amphetamine induce psychotic reactions in all individuals
c. Stress has no effect on recovered amphetamine addicts
d. Low doses of amphetamine can induce a psychotic reaction in schizophrenics in remission

Answer 4

The correct answer is: d. Low doses of amphetamine can induce a psychotic reaction in schizophrenics in remission

Question 5

All of the following are negative symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT:
a. Blunted emotions
b. Anhedonia
c. Lack of feeling
d. Hallucinations

Answer 5

The correct answer is: d. Hallucinations

Question 6

Which of the following is a cognitive symptom of schizophrenia?
a. Social withdrawal
b. Inappropriate emotions
c. Memory issues
d. Loss of motivation

Answer 6

The correct answer is: c. Memory issues

Question 7

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is supported by the fact that:
a. Antipsychotic drugs increase dopamine levels
b. Stimulants that enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause psychosis
c. Schizophrenia patients have low levels of dopamine
d. Dopamine agonists are effective in treating schizophrenia

Answer 7

The correct answer is: b. Stimulants that enhance dopaminergic neurotransmission can cause psychosis

Question 8

Which statement about schizophrenia is true?
a. It affects 10% of the population
b. It has no genetic component
c. It affects men and women equally
d. It only presents with negative symptoms

Answer 8

The correct answer is: c. It affects men and women equally

Question 9

Which of the following statements about antipsychotics is NOT correct?
a. They are also known as “neuroleptics”
b. They are primarily used to treat schizophrenia
c. They eliminate the fundamental and chronic thoughts of schizophrenia
d. They decrease dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission

Answer 9

The correct answer is: c. They eliminate the fundamental and chronic thoughts of schizophrenia

Question 10

The classification of first-generation antipsychotics as “low potency” or “high potency” indicates:
a. Their clinical effectiveness
b. Their affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor
c. Their ability to treat negative symptoms
d. Their rate of metabolism

Answer 10

The correct answer is: b. Their affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor

Question 11

Which of the following is a second-generation antipsychotic?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Haloperidol
c. Risperidone
d. Fluphenazine

Answer 11

The correct answer is: c. Risperidone

Question 12

True regarding antipsychotic drugs:
a. They are curative for schizophrenia
b. They increase dopaminergic neurotransmission
c. They represent several diverse, heterocyclic structures with marked different potencies
d. They are only effective against positive symptoms

Answer 12

c. They represent several diverse, heterocyclic structures with marked different potencies

Question 13

Which of the following is a high potency first-generation antipsychotic?
a. Chlorpromazine
b. Thioridazine
c. Haloperidol
d. Quetiapine

Answer 13

The correct answer is: c. Haloperidol

Question 14

Antipsychotics primarily work by:
a. Increasing serotonin levels
b. Decreasing dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission
c. Eliminating the fundamental causes of schizophrenia
d. Increasing GABA neurotransmission

Answer 14

b. Decreasing dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurotransmission

Question 15

Which statement about the classification of antipsychotics is correct?
a. It indicates the drug’s ability to treat negative symptoms
b. It is based on the drug’s metabolism rate
c. It does not indicate clinical effectiveness
d. It is based on the drug’s ability to cross the blood-brain barrier

Answer 15

The correct answer is: c. It does not indicate clinical effectiveness

Question 16

Which of the following is a low potency first-generation antipsychotic?
a. Fluphenazine
b. Haloperidol
c. Prochlorperazine
d. Clozapine

Answer 16

The correct answer is: c. Prochlorperazine

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism of action of first-generation antipsychotics?
a. Competitive blocking of D2 dopamine receptors
b. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
c. Activation of GABA receptors
d. Blocking of histamine receptors

Answer 17

The correct answer is: a. Competitive blocking of D2 dopamine receptors

Question 18

Which statement about first-generation antipsychotics is TRUE?
a. They are less likely to cause movement disorders
b. Drugs that bind tightly to dopaminergic neuroreceptors are less likely to cause movement disorders
c. Chlorpromazine is more likely to cause movement disorders than haloperidol
d. No one first-generation drug is clinically more effective than another

Answer 18

The correct answer is: d. No one first-generation drug is clinically more effective than another

Question 19

Second-generation antipsychotics are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Fewer extrapyramidal symptoms
b. Higher incidence of metabolic side effects
c. Lower risk of movement disorders
d. Lower incidence of weight gain

Answer 19

The correct answer is: d. Lower incidence of weight gain

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a metabolic side effect associated with second-generation antipsychotics?
a. Diabetes
b. Hypercholesterolemia
c. Weight gain
d. Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 20

The correct answer is: d. Extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 21

In drug selection for antipsychotic treatment, which of the following is TRUE?
a. First-generation agents are preferred to minimize movement disorders
b. Second-generation agents are commonly chosen to minimize the risk of movement disorders
c. All second-generation drugs can be used interchangeably
d. Patient response and comorbid conditions are not considered in drug selection

Answer 21

The correct answer is: b. Second-generation agents are commonly chosen to minimize the risk of movement disorders

Question 22

Which statement about antipsychotic drug selection is FALSE?
a. Second-generation drugs are preferred to minimize movement disorders
b. Individual patient response guides drug selection
c. Comorbid conditions are considered in drug selection
d. All second-generation drugs produce the same response in all patients

Answer 22

The correct answer is: d. All second-generation drugs produce the same response in all patients

Question 23

First-generation antipsychotics that bind tightly to dopaminergic neuroreceptors, such as haloperidol, are:
a. Less likely to cause movement disorders
b. More likely to cause movement disorders
c. Equally likely to cause movement disorders as those that bind weakly
d. Not associated with any movement disorders

Answer 23

The correct answer is: b. More likely to cause movement disorders

Question 24

Which of the following dopamine receptors inhibit neurons?
a. D1 and D5
b. D2, D3, and D4
c. D1, D2, and D3
d. D4 and D5

Answer 24

The correct answer is: b. D2, D3, and D4

Question 25

True regarding the mechanism of action of antipsychotics: a. They primarily activate dopamine receptors b. They block dopamine receptors only in the periphery c. All first-generation and most second-generation antipsychotics block dopamine receptors d. They have no effect on serotonin receptors

Answer 25

The correct answer is: c. All first-generation and most second-generation antipsychotics block dopamine receptors

Question 26

The clinical efficacy of antipsychotics is primarily associated with: a. Blocking D1 receptors in the substantia nigra b. Blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system c. Activating D4 receptors in the prefrontal cortex d. Blocking 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nuclei

Answer 26

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system

Question 27

Compared to chlorpromazine, haloperidol is: a. 10 times more potent toward D2 receptors b. 50 times more potent toward D2 receptors c. 100 times more potent toward D2 receptors d. Equally potent toward D2 receptors

Answer 27

The correct answer is: c. 100 times more potent toward D2 receptors

Question 28

Which of the following is TRUE about clozapine? a. It has a higher affinity for D2 receptors than D4 receptors b. It has a higher affinity for D4 receptors than D2 receptors c. It has equal affinity for all dopamine receptors d. It does not bind to any dopamine receptors

Answer 28

The correct answer is: b. It has a higher affinity for D4 receptors than D2 receptors

Question 29

The actions of antipsychotic drugs are antagonized by all of the following EXCEPT: a. Levodopa b. Amphetamines c. Bromocriptine d. Haloperidol

Answer 29

The correct answer is: d. Haloperidol

Question 30

Second-generation antipsychotics exert their unique effect primarily by: a. Blocking D1 receptors b. Activating D2 receptors c. Inhibiting 5-HT2A receptors d. Activating 5-HT1A receptors

Answer 30

The correct answer is: c. Inhibiting 5-HT2A receptors

Question 31

Which statement about the mechanism of action of antipsychotics is FALSE? a. They bind to dopamine receptors to varying degrees b. They block serotonin receptors in addition to dopamine receptors c. Their effects are enhanced by levodopa and amphetamines d. Second-generation drugs often inhibit 5-HT2A receptors

Answer 31

The correct answer is: c. Their effects are enhanced by levodopa and amphetamines

Question 32

Which of the following is TRUE about clozapine's receptor affinity? a. It has a high affinity for D2 receptors b. It has a low affinity for muscarinic receptors c. It has a high affinity for D4 receptors d. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist

Answer 32

The correct answer is: c. It has a high affinity for D4 receptors

Question 33

Risperidone's receptor blocking profile is characterized by: a. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors b. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors c. Equal blocking of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors d. No effect on 5-HT2A receptors

Answer 33

The correct answer is: b. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors

Question 34

Which of the following describes the pharmacological action of aripiprazole? a. Full agonist at D2 receptors b. Antagonist at 5-HT1A receptors c. Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors d. Full agonist at 5-HT2A receptors

Answer 34

The correct answer is: c. Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors

Question 35

Quetiapine's receptor blocking profile is characterized by: a. Blocking 5-HT2A receptors more than D2 receptors b. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors c. Equal blocking of D2 and 5-HT2A receptors d. No effect on D2 receptors

Answer 35

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors more than 5-HT2A receptors

Question 36

hich antipsychotic drug is described as a weak dopamine D2-receptor antagonist? a. Risperidone b. Aripiprazole c. Quetiapine d. Clozapine

Answer 36

The correct answer is: d. Clozapine

Question 37

True regarding the receptor affinity of antipsychotics: a. All antipsychotics have the same receptor affinity profile b. Clozapine has a low affinity for muscarinic receptors c. Aripiprazole acts as a blocker of 5-HT2A receptors d. Risperidone primarily blocks D1 receptors

Answer 37

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole acts as a blocker of 5-HT2A receptors

Question 38

Which antipsychotic drug has a unique partial agonist activity at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors? a. Clozapine b. Risperidone c. Aripiprazole d. Quetiapine

Answer 38

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole

Question 39

All of the following statements about clozapine are true EXCEPT: a. It has a high affinity for D1 receptors b. It has a high affinity for 5-HT2 receptors c. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist d. It has a high affinity for a-adrenergic receptors

Answer 39

The correct answer is: c. It is a strong dopamine D2-receptor antagonist

Question 40

The primary mechanism of action for antipsychotics is: a. Activation of dopamine receptors b. Blockade of GABA receptors c. Blockade at dopamine and/or serotonin receptors d. Activation of glutamate receptors

Answer 40

The correct answer is: c. Blockade at dopamine and/or serotonin receptors

Question 41

Which of the following statements about antipsychotic effects is TRUE? a. They primarily reduce negative symptoms of schizophrenia b. They reduce positive symptoms more effectively than negative symptoms c. Their effects are immediate d. They worsen cognitive impairment

Answer 41

The correct answer is: b. They reduce positive symptoms more effectively than negative symptoms

Question 42

The delayed onset of antipsychotic effects is due to: a. Slow absorption of the drug b. Gradual accumulation in the brain c. Secondary changes in the corticostriatal pathway d. Immediate receptor blockade

Answer 42

The correct answer is: c. Secondary changes in the corticostriatal pathway

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of antipsychotic drugs? a. They have a calming effect b. They reduce spontaneous physical movement c. They significantly depress intellectual functioning d. They ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent

Answer 43

The correct answer is: c. They significantly depress intellectual functioning

Question 44

Compared to barbiturates, antipsychotics: a. Cause more motor coordination difficulties b. Have a stronger depressant effect on intellectual functioning c. Have minimal effect on motor coordination d. Do not have any calming effect

Answer 44

The correct answer is: c. Have minimal effect on motor coordination

Question 45

Second-generation antipsychotics, such as clozapine, are known to: a. Only affect positive symptoms b. Ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent c. Worsen cognitive impairment d. Have no effect on negative symptoms

Answer 45

The correct answer is: b. Ameliorate negative symptoms to some extent

Question 46

The antipsychotic effects of antipsychotic drugs usually: a. Occur immediately after administration b. Take several weeks to manifest c. Take several days to occur d. Only affect positive symptoms

Answer 46

The correct answer is: c. Take several days to occur

Question 47

All of the following are true about antipsychotic actions EXCEPT: a. They reduce hallucinations and delusions b. They have a minimal effect on intellectual functioning c. They significantly impair motor coordination d. They have a calming effect

Answer 47

The correct answer is: c. They significantly impair motor coordination

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT an extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotics? a. Dystonias b. Akathisia c. Tardive dyskinesia d. Hallucinations

Answer 48

The correct answer is: d. Hallucinations

Question 49

ardive dyskinesia is characterized by: a. Sustained contraction of muscles b. Motor restlessness c. Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, neck, trunk, and limbs d. Parkinsonian symptoms

Answer 49

The correct answer is: c. Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, neck, trunk, and limbs

Question 50

The extrapyramidal symptoms of antipsychotics are likely caused by: a. Blocking serotonin receptors in the cortex b. Blocking dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway c. Activating dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway d. Blocking GABA receptors in the basal ganglia

Answer 50

The correct answer is: b. Blocking dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway

Question 51

Second-generation antipsychotics are characterized by: a. Higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms b. Lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms c. No effect on extrapyramidal symptoms d. Complete elimination of extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 51

The correct answer is: b. Lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 52

The antiemetic effect of antipsychotics is due to: a. Blocking H1 receptors in the stomach b. Blocking D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone c. Activating 5-HT3 receptors in the brainstem d. Blocking muscarinic receptors in the vestibular system

Answer 52

The correct answer is: b. Blocking D2 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

Question 53

Which of the following antipsychotics does NOT have an antiemetic effect? a. Haloperidol b. Chlorpromazine c. Aripiprazole d. Risperidone

Answer 53

The correct answer is: c. Aripiprazole

Question 54

Which of the following antipsychotics does NOT have an antiemetic effect? a. Haloperidol b. Chlorpromazine c. Clozapine. d. Thioridazine.

Answer 54

The correct answer is: d. Thioridazine.

Question 55

Akathisia is best described as: a. Sustained muscle contractions b. Motor restlessness c. Involuntary tongue movements d. Parkinsonian tremor

Answer 55

The correct answer is: b. Motor restlessness

Question 56

True regarding the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics: a. They only occur with second-generation antipsychotics b. They are caused by serotonin receptor blockade c. They include dystonias and akathisia d. They are more common with atypical antipsychotics

Answer 56

The correct answer is: c. They include dystonias and akathisia

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT an anticholinergic effect of antipsychotics? a. Blurred vision b. Dry mouth c. Constipation d. Increased salivation

Answer 57

The correct answer is: d. Increased salivation

Question 58

The antipsychotic that exceptionally increases salivation is: a. Thioridazine b. Chlorpromazine c. Clozapine d. Olanzapine

Answer 58

The correct answer is: c. Clozapine

Question 59

Orthostatic hypotension and light-headedness caused by antipsychotics are due to: a. Dopamine receptor blockade b. Alpha receptor blockade c. Histamine receptor antagonism d. Muscarinic receptor blockade

Answer 59

The correct answer is: b. Alpha receptor blockade

Question 60

The condition in which body temperature varies with the environment due to antipsychotic use is called: a. Hypothermia b. Hyperthermia c. Poikilothermia d. Homeothermia

Answer 60

The correct answer is: c. Poikilothermia

Question 61

Sedation caused by antipsychotics is primarily due to: a. Dopamine receptor blockade b. Serotonin receptor blockade c. GABA receptor activation d. Histamine receptor antagonism

Answer 61

The correct answer is: d. Histamine receptor antagonism

Question 62

Which of the following antipsychotics is NOT associated with sedation? a. Chlorpromazine b. Olanzapine c. Clozapine d. Haloperidol

Answer 62

The correct answer is: d. Haloperidol

Question 63

All of the following are anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics EXCEPT: a. Urinary retention b. Confusion c. Orthostatic hypotension d. Constipation

Answer 63

The correct answer is: c. Orthostatic hypotension

Question 64

True regarding the effects of antipsychotics: a. They do not affect sexual function b. They cause ketoacidosis in all patients c. They can cause sexual dysfunction d. They alleviate negative symptoms of schizophrenia more than positive symptoms

Answer 64

The correct answer is: c. They can cause sexual dysfunction

Question 65

Which statement about the treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is TRUE? a. All patients respond to treatment b. Complete normalization of behavior is always achieved c. First-generation antipsychotics alleviate negative symptoms more d. Second-generation antipsychotics are indicated for patients resistant to first-generation antipsychotics

Answer 65

The correct answer is: d. Second-generation antipsychotics are indicated for patients resistant to first-generation antipsychotics

Question 66

Clozapine is reserved for: a. First-line treatment of schizophrenia b. Treatment of individuals not responsive to other neuroleptics c. Prevention of nausea and vomiting d. Treatment of Tourette's disorder

Answer 66

b. Treatment of individuals not responsive to other neuroleptics

Question 67

Which antipsychotic is most commonly used for severe drug-induced nausea? a. Chlorpromazine b. Clozapine c. Prochlorperazine d. Risperidone

Answer 67

The correct answer is: c. Prochlorperazine

Question 68

For motion sickness, which of the following is recommended instead of antipsychotics? a. Prochlorperazine b. Chlorpromazine c. Scopolamine d. Risperidone

Answer 68

The correct answer is: c. Scopolamine

Question 69

Which antipsychotic is used to treat intractable hiccups? a. Haloperidol b. Chlorpromazine c. Risperidone d. Olanzapine

Answer 69

The correct answer is: b. Chlorpromazine

Question 70

Promethazine is used in the treatment of pruritis due to its: a. Antipsychotic effects b. Antihistamine effects c. Anticholinergic effects d. Dopamine-blocking effects

Answer 70

The correct answer is: b. Antihistamine effects

Question 71

Which antipsychotics are used to reduce motor and phonic tics in Tourette's disorder? a. Clozapine and olanzapine b. Risperidone and aripiprazole c. Pimozide and haloperidol d. Chlorpromazine and promethazine

Answer 71

The correct answer is: c. Pimozide and haloperidol

Question 72

Risperidone and aripiprazole are used to treat: a. Motion sickness b. Intractable hiccups c. Pruritis d. Disruptive behavior and irritability secondary to autism

Answer 72

The correct answer is: d. Disruptive behavior and irritability secondary to autism