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"" Flashcards

1
Q

“What is the basic material of the cosmos?”

A

Thales of Miletus

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2
Q

It must be something from which everything can be formed

A

Thales of Miletus

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3
Q

It must be essential to life

A

Thales of Miletus

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4
Q

It must be capable of motion

A

Thales of Miletus

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5
Q

It must be capable of change

A

Thales

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6
Q

Everything in the universe conforms to mathematical rules and ratios

A

Pythagoras

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7
Q

So if we understand number and mathematical relationships

A

Pythagoras

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8
Q

We come to understand the structure of the cosmos

A

Pythagoras

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9
Q

Mathematics the key model for philosophical thought

A

Pythagoras

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10
Q

Number is the ruler of forms

A

Pythagoras

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11
Q

Number is the ruler of ideas

A

Pythagoras

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12
Q

There is geometry in the humming of the strings, there is music in the spacing of spheres

A

Pythagoras

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13
Q

You can’t step in the same river twice

A

Heraclitus

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14
Q

Everything changes but changes itself

A

Heraclitus

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15
Q

The only life worth living is a good life

A

Socrates

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16
Q

I can only live a good life if I really know what “good” and “evil” are

A

Socrates

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17
Q

“Good” and “evil” are not relative; they are absolutes that can only be found by a process of questioning and reasoning

A

Socrates

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18
Q

In this way, morality and knowledge are bound together

A

Socrates

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19
Q

An unquestioning life is one of ignorance, without morality.

A

Socrates

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20
Q

The life which is unexamined is not worth living

A

Socrates

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21
Q

What is Justice

A

Socrates

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22
Q

What is virtue

A

Socrates

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23
Q

The real world is the world of Ideas, which contains the Ideal Forms of everything

A

Plato

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24
Q

We are born with the concepts of these Ideal Forms in our minds

A

Plato

25
Q

The illusory world in which we live– the world of the senses– contains imperfect copies of the Ideal Forms

A

Plato

26
Q

We recognize things in the world such as dogs, because we recognize they are imperfect copies of the concepts in our minds

A

Plato

27
Q

Everything in this world is a “shadow” of its ideal form in the world of ideas.

A

Plato

28
Q

We see different instances of “dog” in the world around us

A

Aristotle

29
Q

We recognize the common characteristics of dogs in the world

A

Aristotle

30
Q

Using our senses and our reason, we understand what makes a dog a dog.

A

Aristotle

31
Q

We find the truth from evidence gained in the world around us,

A

Aristotle

32
Q

Humans are rational beings

A

St. Augustine

33
Q

In order to be rational, humans must have free will.

A

St. Augustine

34
Q

This means they must be able to choose between good or evil.

A

St. Augustine

35
Q

Humans can therefore act badly or well.

A

St. Augustine

36
Q

If I were blindfolded and suspended in the air, touching nothing

A

Avicenna

37
Q

God is not the parent of evils

A

St. Augustine

38
Q

I would not know that I have a body

A

Avicenna

39
Q

But I would know that I- my “self” or “soul”- exists

A

Avicenna

40
Q

So my soul is not a body, but something different

A

Avicenna

41
Q

The soul is distinct from the body

A

Avicenna

42
Q

An evil demon may be making me believe things that are false

A

Rene Descartes

43
Q

There is nothing of which I can be certain

A

Rene Descartes

44
Q

But when I say “I am: I exist,” I cannot be wrong about this

A

Rene Descartes

45
Q

An evil demon could try to make me believe this only if I really do exits

A

Rene Descrates

46
Q

I am thinking, therefore I exist

A

Rene Descartes

47
Q

Rationalists believe that we are born with some ideas and concepts; that they are “innate”

A

John Locke

48
Q

But this is not borne out by the fact that

A

John Locke

49
Q

There are no universal ideas found in people of all cultures at all times

A

John Locke

50
Q

There are no truths that are found in everyone at birth

A

John Locke

51
Q

Everything we know is gained from experience

A

John Locke

52
Q

“what are the practical implications of adopting a new perspective?”

A

John Dewey

53
Q

Problems arise because we are trying to make sense of

A

John Dewey

54
Q

The challenges of living in a changing world

A

John Dewey

55
Q

Philosophy is not about gaining a true picture of the world, but about practical problem solving

A

John Dewey

56
Q

the traditions we have inherited

A

John Dewey

57
Q

We only think when we are confronted with problems

A

John Dewey

58
Q
A

PHILO (3 decks)

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