zzz (OLD) Original Air Methods Part 135 Fixed Wing Study Guide Flashcards
take the HAA Part 135 Study Guide Air Methods and make it applicable to PC-12 people
HYPOXIC HYPOXIA
Hypoxic hypoxia is the most common and is caused by decreased oxygen in air or the inability to diffuse the oxygen across the lungs.
If this happens, the person has less than 100% saturation of the blood in the arteries. This can happen if you are at an altitude where the oxygen content of air is low (i.e., over 12,500 feet). Another problem would be if a person’s lungs were damaged so oxygen transfer was impaired
HYPEMIC HYPOXIA
Hypemic hypoxia is caused by the reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. Anemia (low hemoglobin) can cause this. The oxygen is available, but there isn’t enough good blood to carry the oxygen. Carbon monoxide poisoning will cause this type of HYPOXIA! The blood holds on to the carbon monoxide from the exhaust leak in your engine and your capacity to carry oxygen decreases, you become hypoxic!
HISTOTOXIC HYPOXIA
Histotoxic hypoxia occurs when all systems are working but the cells can’t take” the oxygen from the blood. The oxygen is available. Alcohol or cyanide poisoning can cause this.”
STAGNANT HYPOXIA
Stagnant hypoxia is caused by reduced cardiac output (the pump isn’t working good enough) or by venous pooling during high G force stresses. We are all getting older and we have to remember that the function of the heart is essential for pumping the oxygenated blood.
As a 135 crew member, can you refuse a drug test? What are the consequences if you do?
61.161
A refusal to submit to a test to indicate the percentage by weight of alcohol in the blood, when requested by a law enforcement officer or a refusal to furnish or authorize the release of the test results requested by the Administrator is grounds for:
- Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of that refusal; or
- Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part.
Do you have to report offenses of operating a motor vehicle under the influence of drugs or alcohol to the FAA? If so, within what time period?
61.151
Each person holding a certificate issued under this part shall provide a written report of each motor vehicle action to the FAA, Civil Aviation Security Division (AMC–700), PO Box 25810, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, not later than 60 days after the motorvehicle action. The report must include:
i. The person’s name, address, date of birth, and airman certificate number;ii. The type of violation that resulted in the conviction or the administrative action;
iii. The date of the conviction or administrative actioniv. The State that holds the record of conviction or administrative action; and
v. A statement of whether the motor vehicle action resulted from the same incident or arose out of the same factual circumstances related to a previously reported motor vehicle action.
2. Failure to comply with paragraph (e) of this section is grounds for:
i. Denial of an application for any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of the motor vehicle action; or
ii. Suspension or revocation of any certificate, rating, or authorization issued under
When does a first and second class medical expire?
61.23
If you are 135 qualified, do you need a flight review?
61.56(c)
Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has
(1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor; and
(2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.
(d) A person who has, within the period specified in paragraph
(c) of this section, passed a pilot proficiency check conducted by an examiner, an approved pilot check airman, or a U.S. Armed Force, for a pilot certificate, rating, or operating privilege need not accomplish the flight review required by this section.
What is considered night in regard to recent flight experience?
61.57
(2) (b) Night takeoff and landing experience.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise
What is considered careless and reckless operation?
91.13
No person may operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.
How close can you operate to another aircraft?
91.111(a)
No person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.
(b) No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft in the formation.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft, carrying passengers for hire, in formation flight.
Can you fly in formation flight?
91.111(b)
No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft in the formation.
(c) No person may operate an aircraft, carrying passengers for hire, in formation flight
What aircraft has the right of way over all other aircraft?
91.113(c)
In distress.
An aircraft in distress has the right-of-way over all other air traffic.
What should you do if you do not understand a clearance from ATC?
91.123(a)
When a pilot is uncertain of an ATC clearance, that pilot shall immediately request clarification from ATC
Can you deviate from an ATC clearance
91.123(b)
Except in an emergency, no person may operate an aircraft contrary to an ATC instruction in an area in which air traffic control is exercised.
(c) Each pilot in command who, in an emergency, or in response to a traffic alert and collision avoidance system resolution advisory, deviates from an ATC clearance or instruction shall notify ATC of that deviation as soon as possible.
What communication and transponder requirements do you need to enter class B airspace?
91.131(1)
The operator must receive an ATC clearance from the ATC facility having jurisdiction for that area before operating an aircraft in that area.
(b) Pilot requirements.
(1) No person may take off or land a civil aircraft at an airport within a Class B airspace area or operate a civil aircraft within a Class B airspace area unless–
(i) The pilot in command holds at least a private pilot certificate;…
(c) Communications and navigation equipment requirements. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft within a Class B airspace area unless that aircraft is equipped with–
(1) For IFR operation. An operable VOR or TACAN receiver or an operable and suitable RNAV system; and
(2) For all operations. An operable two-way radio capable of communications with ATC on appropriate frequencies for that Class B airspace area.
(d) Transponder requirements. No person may operate an aircraft in a Class B airspace area unless the aircraft is equipped with the applicable operating transponder and automatic altitude reporting equipment…
Can you obtain clearance to fly through restricted airspace?
91.133
Restricted and prohibited areas.
(a) No person may operate an aircraft within a restricted area (designated in part 73) contrary to the restrictions imposed, or within a prohibited area, unless that person has the permission of the using or controlling agency, as appropriate.
What are the minimum fuel requirements?
91.151
Fuel requirements for fixed wing IFR?
What is the minimum visibility required to operate
VFR day? Night? (Part 135)
135.205 (b)
No person may operate a helicopter under VFR in Class G airspace at an altitude of 1,200 feet or less above the surface or within the lateral boundaries of the surface areas of Class B, Class C, Class D, or Class E airspace designated for an airport unless the visibility is at least
(1) During the day– 1/2 mile
(2) At night–1 mile.
What is considered night in regards to position lights?
91.209
Aircraft lights.
No person may:
(a) During the period from sunset to sunrise
(1) Operate an aircraft unless it has lighted position lights;
(2) Park or move an aircraft in, or in dangerous proximity to, a night flight operations area of an airport unless the aircraft
(i) Is clearly illuminated;
(ii) Has lighted position lights; or
(iii) is in an area that is marked by obstruction lights;
(3) Anchor an aircraft unless the aircraft
(i) Has lighted anchor lights; or
(ii) Is in an area where anchor lights are not required on vessels; or
(b) Operate an aircraft that is equipped with an anticollision light system, unless it has lighted anticollision lights. However, the anticollision lights need not be lighted when the pilot-in-command determines that, because of operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to turn the lights off.
When can you log
NIGHT flight time
AIM Definitions 1.1
Night means the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the Air Almanac, converted to local time.
Civil Twilight times can be found at Navy’s Air Almanac
Do you always need to have your anti collision light on what operating at night?
91.209(b)
Operate an aircraft that is equipped with an anticollision light system, unless it has lighted anticollision lights. However, the anticollision lights need not be lighted when the pilot-in-command determines that, because of operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to turn the lights off.
Is the maintenance log required to be carried aboard the aircraft?
135.65 (a)
Each certificate holder shall provide an aircraft maintenance log to be carried on board each aircraft for recording or deferring mechanical irregularities and their correction.
What checklist is required to be aboard the aircraft?
135.83
Operating information required.
(a) The operator of an aircraft must provide the following materials, in current and appropriate form, accessible to the pilot at the pilot station, and the pilot shall use them:
(1) A cockpit checklist.
(3) Pertinent aeronautical charts.
Who may manipulate the controls during a flight?
135.115
Manipulation of controls.
No pilot in command may allow any person to manipulate the flight controls of an aircraft during flight conducted under this part, nor may any person manipulate the controls during such flight unless that person is
(a) A pilot employed by the certificate holder and qualified in the aircraft; or
(b) An authorized safety representative of the Administrator who has the permission of the pilot in command, is qualified in the aircraft, and is checking flight operations.
What must be included in the passenger safety briefing?
135.117
Briefing of passengers before flight.
- Smoking. Each passenger shall be briefed on when, where, and under what conditions smoking is prohibited
- The use of safety belts, including instructions on how to fasten and unfasten the safety belts
- Location and means for opening the passenger entry door and emergency exits
- Location of survival equipment
- If the flight involves extended overwater operation, ditching procedures and the use of required flotation equipment
- Location and operation of fire extinguishers.
(c) The oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be given by the pilot in command or a crewmember
(e) The oral briefing required by paragraph (a) of this section must be supplemented by printed cards which must be carried in the aircraft in locations convenient for the use of each passenger.
Can passengers drink alcoholic beverages on board the aircraft?
135.121
Alcoholic beverages.
(a) No person may drink any alcoholic beverage aboard an aircraft unless the certificate holder operating the aircraft has served that beverage.
(b) No certificate holder may serve any alcoholic beverage to any person aboard its aircraft if that person appears to be intoxicated.
(c) No certificate holder may allow any person to board any of its aircraft if that person appears to be intoxicated.
When must passenger seat belts be fastened?
Pilots?
135.128 (a)
Except as provided in this paragraph, each person on board an aircraft operated under this part shall occupy an approved seat or berth with a separate safety belt properly secured about him or her during movement on the surface, takeoff, and landing. A safety belt provided for the occupant of a seat may not be used by more than one person who has reached his or her second birthday.
When must you carry a flashlight?
135.159(f)
For night flights
(3) A flashlight having at least two size D cells or equivalent.
When may equipment be inoperable?
135.179(a)
No person may take off an aircraft with inoperable instruments or equipment installed unless the following conditions are met:
(1) An approved Minimum Equipment List exists for that aircraft.
(2) The certificate-holding district office has issued the certificate holder operations specifications authorizing operations in accordance with an approved Minimum Equipment List. The flight crew shall have direct access at all times prior to flight to all of the information contained in the approved Minimum Equipment List through printed or other means approved by the Administrator in the certificate holders operations specifications. An approved Minimum Equipment List, as authorized by the operations specifications, constitutes an approved change to the type design without requiring recertification.
(3) The approved Minimum Equipment List must: (i) Be prepared in accordance with the limitations specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (ii) Provide for the operation of the aircraft with certain instruments and equipment in an inoperable condition.
(4) Records identifying the inoperable instruments and equipment and the information required by (a)(3)(ii) of this section must be available to the pilot.
(5) The aircraft is operated under all applicable conditions and limitations contained in the Minimum Equipment List and the operations specifications authorizing use of the Minimum Equipment List.
(b) The following instruments and equipment may not be included in the Minimum Equipment List:
(1) Instruments and equipment that are either specifically or otherwise required by the airworthiness requirements under which the airplane is type certificated and which are essential for safe operations under all operating conditions.
(2) Instruments and equipment required by an airworthiness directive to be in operable condition unless the airworthiness directive provides otherwise.
(3) Instruments and equipment required for specific operations by this part.
What are the maximum duty times and flight time requirements?
135.267(a)
No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember, and no flight crewmember may accept an assignment, for flight time as a member of a one- or two-pilot crew if that crewmember’s total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed
(1) 500 hours in any calendar quarter.
(2) 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters.
(3) 1,400 hours in any calendar year.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, during any 24 consecutive hours the total flight time of the assigned flight when added to any other commercial flying by that flight crewmember may not exceed
(1) 8 hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot; or
(2) 10 hours for a flight crew consisting of two pilots qualified under this Part for the operation being conducted. (c) A flight crewmember’s flight time may exceed the flight time limits of paragraph (b) of this section if the assigned flight time occurs during a regularly assigned duty period of no more than 14 hours and
(1) If this duty period is immediately preceded by and followed by a required rest period of at least 10 consecutive hours of rest;
(2) If flight time is assigned during this period, that total flight time when added to any other commercial flying by the flight crewmember may not exceed
(i) 8 hours for a flight crew consisting of one pilot; or
(ii) 10 hours for a flight crew consisting of two pilots; and
(3) If the combined duty and rest periods equal 24 hours.
(d) Each assignment under paragraph (b) of this section must provide for at least 10 consecutive hours of rest during the 24-hour period that precedes the planned completion time of the assignment.
(e) When a flight crewmember has exceeded the daily flight time limitations in this section, because of circumstances beyond the control of the certificate holder or flight crewmember (such as adverse weather conditions), that flight crewmember must have a rest period before being assigned or accepting an assignment for flight time of at least
(1) 11 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by not more than 30 minutes;
(2) 12 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by more than 30 minutes, but not more than 60 minutes; and
(3) 16 consecutive hours of rest if the flight time limitation is exceeded by more than 60 minutes.
(f) The certificate holder must provide each flight crewmember at least 13 rest periods of at least 24 consecutive hours each in each calendar quarter.
After you have been cleared to land at a class B airport, you lose radio communications. What do you do?
Squawk 7600 and continue flight
Watch the tower for any light gun signals
ATC LIGHT SIGNAL
STEADY GREEN
ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
FLASHING GREEN
ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
STEADY RED
ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
FLASHING RED
ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
FLASHING WHITE
ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
ALTERNATING RED AND GREEN
What are the different types of frontal systems? Define.
Cold Front:
A cold front occurs when a mass of cold, dense, and stable air advances and replaces a body of warmer air. Cold fronts move more rapidly than warm fronts, progressing at a rate of 25 to 30 m.p.h. However, extreme cold fronts have been recorded moving at speeds of up to 60 m.p.h. A typical cold front moves in a manner opposite that of a warm front; because it is so dense, it stays close to the ground and acts like a snowplow, sliding under the warmer air and forcing the less dense air aloft. The rapidly ascending air causes the temperature to decrease suddenly, forcing the creation of clouds. The type of clouds that form depends on the stability of the warmer air mass. A cold front in the Northern Hemisphere is normally oriented in a northeast to southwest manner and can be several hundred miles long, encompassing a large area of land. Prior to the passage of a typical cold front, cirriform or towering cumulus clouds are present, and cumulonimbus clouds are possible. Rain showers and hazes are possible due to the rapid development of clouds. The wind from the south-southwest helps to replace the warm temperatures with the relative colder air. A high dewpoint and falling barometric pressure are indicative of imminent cold front passage.
As the cold front passes, towering cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds continue to dominate the sky.
Depending on the intensity of the cold front, heavy rain showers form and might be accompanied by lightning, thunder, and/or hail. More severe cold fronts can also produce tornadoes. During cold front passage, the visibility will be poor, with winds variable and gusty, and the temperature and dewpoint drop rapidly. A quickly falling barometric pressure bottoms out during frontal passage, then begins a gradual increase.
After frontal passage, the towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds begin to dissipate to cumulus clouds with a corresponding decrease in the precipitation. Good visibility eventually prevails with the winds from the west-northwest. Temperatures remain cooler and the barometric pressure continues to rise.
Warm Front
A warm front occurs when a warm mass of air advances and replaces a body of colder air. Warm fronts move slowly, typically 10 to 25 miles per hour (m.p.h.).The slope of the advancing front slides over the top of the cooler air and gradually pushes it out of the area.
Warm fronts contain warm air that often has very high humidity. As the warm air is lifted, the temperature drops and condensation occurs.
Generally, prior to the passage of a warm front, cirriform or stratiform clouds, along with fog, can be expected to form along the frontal boundary. In the summer months, cumulonimbus clouds (thunderstorms) are likely to develop. Light to moderate precipitation is probable, usually in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or drizzle, punctuated by poor visibility. The wind blows from the south-southeast, and the outside temperature is cool or cold, with increasing dewpoint. Finally, as the warm front approaches, the barometric pressure continues to fall until the front passes completely.
During the passage of a warm front, stratiform clouds are visible and drizzle may be falling. The visibility is generally poor, but improves with variable winds. The temperature rises steadily from the inflow of relatively warmer air. For the most part, the dewpoint remains steady and the pressure levels off.After the passage of a warm front, stratocumulus clouds predominate and rain showers are possible. The visibility eventually improves, but hazy conditions may exist for a short period after passage. The wind blows from the south-southwest. With warming temperatures, the dewpoint rises and then levels off. There is generally a slight rise in barometric pressure, followed by a decrease of barometric pressure.
Stationary Front
Neither air mass is replacing / displacing the other
When the forces of two air masses are relatively equal, the boundary or front that separates them remains stationary and influences the local weather for days.This front is called a stationary front. The weather associated with a stationary front is typically a mixture that can be found in both warm and cold fronts.
Occluded
Cold air mass catches up to warm air mass and displaces it from underneath.An occluded front occurs when a fast-moving cold front catches up with a slow-moving warm front. As the occluded front approaches, warm front weather prevails, but is immediately followed by cold front weather. There are two types of occluded fronts that can occur, and the temperatures of the colliding frontal systems play a large part in defining the type of front and the resulting weather. A cold front occlusion occurs when a fast-moving cold front is colder than the air ahead of the slow-moving warm front. When this occurs, the cold air replaces the cool air and forces the warm front aloft into the atmosphere. Typically, the cold front occlusion creates a mixture of weather found in both warm and cold fronts, providing the air is relatively stable. A warm front occlusion occurs when the air ahead of the warm front is colder than the air of the cold front. When this is the case, the cold front rides up and over the warm front. If the air forced aloft by the warm front occlusion is unstable, the weather will be more severe than the weather found in a cold front occlusion. Embedded thunderstorms, rain, and fog are likely to occur. The warm front slopes over the prevailing cooler air and produces the warm front type weather. Prior to the passage of the typical occluded front, cirriform and stratiform clouds prevail, light to heavy precipitation is falling, visibility is poor, dewpoint is steady, and barometric pressure is falling. During the passage of the front, nimbostratus and cumulonimbus clouds predominate, and towering cumulus may also be possible. Light to heavy precipitation is falling, visibility is poor, winds are variable, and the barometric pressure is leveling off. After the passage of the front, nimbostratus and altostratus clouds are visible, precipitation is decreasing and clearing, and visibility is improving.
What changes will you notice after crossing a front?
Temperature, wind speed and direction, and humidity will change rapidly over a short distance
What are the three stages of a thunderstorm?
- Cumulus - updrafts
- Mature - rain starts, updrafts and downdrafts,
- Dissipating - downdrafts
What in-flight hazards are associated with thunderstorms?
- Turbulence
- Lightning
- Icing
- Hail
- Low ceiling, low visibility
- Wind shear
- Microbursts
What is wind shear?
A difference in wind speed and direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere.
What are the types of icing?
- Clear - hard and glossy
- Rime - Brittle and frost-like
- Mixed - mixture of Clear and Rime - hard and rough
What are the types of fog?
- Ground (radiation) - cool humid air over cool ground (no wind)
- Steam - cold dry air passes over warm ocean water
Moisture evaporates from water surface
Happens just above water surface
- Advection - moist air moves over colder ground or water (winds)
- Upslope fog - moist stable air cooled as it moves up sloping terrain
- Precipitation induced fog - warm rain falling through cool air. Evaporation from rain saturates cool air and forms fog
- Ice fog - occurs in cold weather when the temperature is much below freezing andwater vapor freezes directly as ice crystals.
How would you recognize wind shear?
- Rapid decrease in airspeed
- Rapid decrease in climb rate
- Rapid increase in sink rate
- Increase in AOA above normal range
How would you recognize a thunderstorm?
Look for “anvil”, cumulus “boiling up”effect, lightning
How would you escape wind shear problems?
- Listen to PIREPS and avoid that area
- If encountering wind shear, report as PIREP
What are some do’s and don’ts of thunderstorm flying?
DON’T
Don’t land or take off in the face of a thunderstorm
Don’t attempt to fly under a thunderstorm
DO
Do avoid large thunderstorms by 20 miles
Do remember that vivid and frequent lightning indicates a severe thunderstorm
What would you do if you entered a thunderstorm?
- Tighten safety belt and harness
- Plan course to take you through the storm in a minimum amount of time (and hold that course)
- Turn on pitot heat
- Use power settings for reduced turbulence airspeed recommended in aircraft manual.
- Turn up cockpit lights to lessen temporary blindness caused by lightning
- Keep eyes on instruments
- Don’t change power settings
- Maintain constant attitude
- Don’t turn back once in the thunderstorm (NOTE: In Rotorcraft, consider possibility of slowing to best manuver speed and reverse course to exit ASAP. Consider which way the storm is moving)
PROHIBITED AREA
(Define)
Established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare.
May not use.
RESTRICTED AREA
(Define)
The flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited is subject to restriction. RA denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, airial gunnery, or guided missiles.May be used with permission from controlling agency.
WARNING AREA
(Define)
From 3 NM outward from the coast of the U.S. that contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft.
MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA (MOA)
(Define)
Established for the purpose of separating certain military training activities from IFR traffic. Whenever a MOA is being used, nonparticipating IFR traffic may be cleared through a MOA if IFR separation can be provided by ATC.Operations include; air combat tactics, air intercepts, aerobatics, formation training, and low altitude tactics. Active MOA may contain military aircraft in excess of 250 knots (below 10K feet). May enter, but pilots should contact FSS within 100 NM to determine if MOA is active. Prior to entering MOA pilots should contact controlling agency for traffic advisories.
ALERT AREAS
(Define)
Areas that may contain a high volume of pilot training or unusual type of aerial activity.Pilots should be particularly alert when flying in these areas.
CONTROLLED FIRING AREA
(Define)
Activities which, if not conducted in a controlled environment, could be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. Activities are suspended immediately when spotters, radar or lookouts indicate an aircraft might be approaching the area. Not charted because pilots need not change flight path.
What common NVG malfunctions are not allowed?
(Operational Defects)
- Shading
- Edge Glow
- Flashing
- Flickering
- Intermittent Operation
- Veiling Glare
If you lose your airmen certificate or medical certificate, how may you replace said document and how long is that good for?
- FAA by mail or online with a fee.
- Valid for 60 days.
(FAR 61.29)
If you are injured and required to take a medication that causes drowsiness, is your medical certificate valid?
No
(FAR 61.53)
If you falsify your Pilot Duty Logs, what action can be taken against you?
Suspension or revocation of certificate
(FAR 61.59)
How long do you have to notify the FAA of a permanent change of address?
30 Days
(FAR 61.60)
A NASA Report does not protect you in the case of what type(s) of offense(s)?
Accidents or criminal offenses
(FAR 91.25)
You receive a flight that requires you to fly greater than 100 NM from your base site. What information must you obtain prior to accepting this flight?
- Weather
- Reports
- Forecasts
- Fuel requirements
- Alternatives
- Runways and Lengths
(FAR 91.103)
Your route of flight will take you directly over the parking lot of a local stadium hosting the MLB All Star Game. When is a stadium TFR used?
Greater than 30,000 people operations are prohibited within 3NM and 3000ft AGL.
Medical Transportation operation may be excepted when warranted by the FAA administrator.
(FAR 91.145) (99.7)
During preflight you notice the airworthiness certificate is faded, torn, and unreadable. What actions must you take? Can you legally operate the aircraft?
FAR 91.203
No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate required by paragraph (a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued under §91.715 is displayed at the cabin or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers or crew.
What is the alcohol testing requirement for maintenance personnel?
All employees who perform safety sensitive duties are required to the Alcohol/Drug testing program.
Air Methods Anti Drug Training Manual
You have inadvertently found yourself the cause, victim, or performer of a safety sensitive function of an aircraft that has just suffered a mishap. What are your restrictions from consuming alcohol following the mishap?
The employee is prohibited from consuming alcohol within 8 hours following an accident/incident or prior to conducting a post accident alcohol test, whichever comes first.
Air Methods Anti Drug Training Manual
Give 3 examples of personnel whom the provisions of Part 135 are acceptable
FAR 135.1.a (2)
Personnel employed by a commuter or on-demand operations certificate holder to include
- Pilots
- Maintainers
- Crew
Are PIC responsibilities pertaining to aircraft worthiness required to be covered in the Operations Manual?
FAR 135.23 (e)
GOM 1.5.13
Yes
Procedures for ensuring that the pilot in command knows that required airworthiness inspections have been made and that the aircraft has been approved for return to service in compliance with applicable maintenance requirements
Other than required for medical concern of the patient, is Air Methods allowed to carry any Narcotic drug, depressant drug, or stimulant drug on board any aircraft it operates?
No
It’s a violation of FAR Part 91.19(a)
(FAR 135.41)
While inflight you encounter a potentially hazardous meteorological condition or irregularity with a ground facility that you consider essential to the safety of flight. What is your responsibility with respect to the issue?
FAR 135.67
Knowledge of which the pilot considers essential to the safety of other flights, the pilot shall notify an appropriate ground radio station as soon as practicable.
When an unsafe condition occurs at a destination, and there is no acceptable alternative but to continue to that destination, is that considered a normal operation or an emergency situation?
FAR 135.69
If the conditions that are a hazard to safe operations may reasonably be expected to be corrected by the estimated time of arrival, it is considered a normal operation. If there is no safer procedure, the continuation toward that airport is an emergency situation under §135.19.
By regulation, what credential must an FAA inspector present to the PIC in order to gain access to the pilot compartment of the aircraft?
FAR 135.75
Aviation Safety Inspector credential, FAA Form 110A
What current materials are Air Methods required to provide to you as the pilot?
FAR 135.83
For single engine VFR operations:
- A cockpit checklist.
- Pertinent aeronautical charts
For twin engine Ops:
- An emergency cockpit checklist containing the procedures required by paragraph (c) of this section, as appropriate.
For IFR Ops:
- Pertinent navigational en route, terminal area, and approach and letdown chart.
(5) For multiengine aircraft, one-engine-inoperative climb performance data and if the aircraft is approved for use in IFR or over-the-top operations, that data must be sufficient to enable the pilot to determine compliance with
Does Air Methods, as the certificate holder, have any limitations on using an individual who has a prohibited drug in his/her system?
No certificate holder may knowingly use any person to perform any function listed in FAR Part 120 while that person has a prohibited drug…in his/her system.
What are the minimum altitudes for autopilot use in a rotorcraft?
135.93
Does not apply to operations conducted in rotorcraft. However, pilots must be aware of altitude restrictions found in their particular RFM or RFM supplement.
In an unpressurized aircraft, ____ percentage of the occupants, other than the pilot, must be supplied oxygen for flights between ____ and _______ feet lasting longer than 30 minutes?
135.157
10% between 10,000 and 15,000 feet MSL, other than the pilot, for that part of the flight at those altitudes that is of more than 30 minutes duration
Is there a communication equipment requirement for operations under VFR over routes navigated by pilotage?
135.161 (a)(1-3) Plus, (b)(1)(2) covers night
No Pilot May operate an aircraft under VFR over routes that can be navigated by pilotage unless the aircraft is equipped with the two-way radio communication equipment necessary to communicate with at least one appropriate station, communicate with appropriate ATC facilities in any surface based controlled airspace. Receive meteorological information
Is there an exception to the shoulder harness rule requiring a shoulder harness to be worn?
135.171(b)
Except that the shoulder harness may be unfastened if the crewmember cannot perform the required duties with the shoulder harness fastened.
What values are used to determine the current empty weight and balance at 36 month intervals?
135.185(a)
For multi-engine aircraft, current empty weight and center of gravity are calculated from values established by actual weighing of the aircraft.
For carrying passengers VFR over-the-top, what must the weather reports / forecasts indicate for the point of termination and for how long?
135.211(a)(1) / (b)(1). Also 135.181(a)(2) / (c)(1)
VFR over-the-top carrying passengers…weather reports or forecasts…indicate that the weather at the point of termination…allows descent to beneath the ceiling under VFR and is forecast to remain so until at least 1 hour after ETA. For Multiengine aircraft, descent or continuation if critical engine fails
What is the minimum airman certification requirement to fly VFR under Part 135?
135.243 (b)(1)(3) Also 135.4 (a)(2)(iii)(A)
Pilot in command of an aircraft under VFR unless…holds at least a commercial pilot certificate…for an airplane, holds an instrument rating or an airline transport pilot certificate
Is Air Methods authorized to assign any specific non-flying duties to an employed PIC during any required rest period?
135.263(b)
No certificate holder may assign any flight crewmember to any duty with the certificate holder during any required rest period
If you as a PIC are required by Air Methods to travel to a base other than your regularly assigned base for duty as a PIC, may you consider that travel time, either to or from that base, as part of a required rest period?
135.263(c)
Time spent in transportation, not local in character, that a certificate holder requires of a flight crewmember…is not considered part of a rest
Under “normal flight planning” is there an allowance for exceeding flight time limitations?
NO
135.263(d)
A flight crewmember is not considered to be assigned flight time in excess of flight time limitations if the flights to which he is assigned normally terminate within the limitations, but due to circumstances beyond the control of the certificate holder or PIC (such as adverse weather)
As a PIC for Air Methods, is your flight time limitation concerned only with flight time incurred while in the employ of Air Methods?
135.267(a)
For flight time as a member of a one-or two-pilot crew if that crewmember’s total flight time in all commercial flying will exceed 500 hours in any calendar quarter, or 800 hours an any two consecutive calendar quarters
For a PIC to operate for a certificate holder under IFR, what must he/she pass every 6 months?
135.297(a)
A PIC of an aircraft under IFR…has passed an instrument proficiency check
For single pilot PICs, is an autopilot check required every 6 months?
135.297(g)(3)
The autopilot check need only be demonstrated once every 12 calendar months.
If a required checkride is given in the month before or after the month the checkride is due, how does that change when the next checkride is given?
135.301(a)
It doesn’t.
“…completes the test or flight check in the calendar month before or after the calendar month in which it is required…considered to have completed the test or check in the calendar month in which it is required
Emergency drill training is a requirement of the FARs. Name at least three of the items required to be trained?
135.331(b) (1-4)
Emergency training must provide the following
- Emergency assignments and procedures,
- Location, function, and operation of emergency equipment [equipment used in ditching and evacuation, first aid equipment, portable fire extinguishers],
- Instruction in the handling of emergency situations [rapid decompression, fire in flight, ditching and evacuation, illness, injury, or other abnormal situation, hijacking]
- Review of certificate holder’s previous aircraft accidents and incidents.
What factors are included the definition of an Air Ambulance Operation?
135.601 (b)(1)(i, ii, iii)
- (a) A flight, or sequence of flights with a patient OR medical personnel on board for the purpose of medical transportation.
- (b) Include position flights to where the patient or organ will be picked up
- (c) Position flights after completing patient or organ transport
- (d) Flights initiated to transport patients or organs that are terminated due to weather or other reasons
What are the qualification requirements for a PIC performing HAAO in VFR conditions IAW FAR 135.603?
Meet the requirements of 135.243 (commercial license, 500 hours total time, 100 hours cross-country, 25 hours at night), must hold a helicopter instrument rating or an ATP with a category and class rating as required