Zuku Review Questions Flashcards
retain info from missed questions and topics of uncertainty
What are bypass proteins in bovine diets? Give examples
Proteins not digested by rumen and are absorbed in SI
Ex. fish meal, feather meal, soybean meal, and dried distillers grains
What is the function of bypass proteins?
Provide the AA building blocks to make milk protein and incr. milk output; help cows conserve BW during peak lactation
What specific lab values would you see in a dog with sick euthyroid syndrome?
Low T4
Normal TSH
Which breeds have normal serum total and free T4 below the ref range?
Greyhounds and other sighthounds
What is the most common intestinal parasite type in SACs?
Nematodes - Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus
What is predictive value positive?
a/a+b
if you get a positive test, the likelihood that the patient is actually positive
How long is the average gestation period for sheep and goats?
5 months
A young intact male dog presents with pale, mucopurulent preputial discharge and occasional licking. No other CS, redness or swelling. What is the condition? How do you tx?
Balanoposthitis; No treatment as most cases spontaneously resolve
What is the clinical presentation of cows with Mycoplasma bovis?
Respiratory signs, swollen joints, head tilt, suppurative ear discharge
How is Mycoplasma bovis infection confirmed post-mortem?
culture and/or PCR from necropsy samples of infected lung tissue
How is Mycoplasma bovis infection diagnosed antemortem?
BAL or TTW with speciation as other less virulent Mycoplasma spp. cause pneumonia
nasal swabs are not reliable
How does M. bovis persist in cows? How does this present clinically?
Evades the host immune response; significant proportion of affected animals remain chronically ill/unthrifty
How does M. bovis spread in a herd?
Spreads from a few clinically normal carrier animals to large proportion of group, feeding infected milk
What is the best method of preventing anthrax in cattle?
Vaccination with modified life spore vaccine (aka Stearn-strain vaccine)
(only admin if hx of anthrax in area)
What is the clinical presentation of Newcastle disease?
acute respiratory dz, watery green diarrhea, paralysis, twisted necks, circling, tremors or spasms, misshapen eggs, high morbidity and mortality
What is seen on necropsy of chickens with Newcastle disease?
Petechial hemorrhage on mucosal surface of proventriculus and gizzard
What is the first step in addressing Newcastle disease?
REPORT to regulatory authorities
What is the physiologic effect of a calcium channel blocker?
Anti-arrhythmic (negative chronotrope and negative ionotrope)
What plant causes generalized edema in sheep that is most severe in the eyelids, lips, throat region, and ears?
Tetradymia glabrata (horsebrush)
aka bighead
What other plant ingestion is commonly seen with horsebrush toxicitiy?
Artemisia nova (common in western USA)
What is the physiologic effect of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor?
Increased strength of cardiac contractility (positive ionotropes)
How can you manage pneumothorax d/t penetrating axillary wound in a horse?
Pack the wound aseptically in an air-tight manner and aspirate air from right dorsal 12th ICS
Under what conditions is a very specific test used?
- Disease in highly prevalent e.g. kennel cough
- Early dx or tx does not improve prognosis e.g. Johne’s
What is an appropriate first-tier test for equine metabolic syndrome?
resting insulin
What medication can be used to prevent or treat wind-up and central sensitization? How does it do this?
Ketamine, Methadone, Amantadine, or Dextromethorphan; by inhibiting the early step at the NMDA receptor
Glasserella parasuis is one of only a few gram-negative bacteria susceptible to which abx?
Penicillin
What is the etiologic agent of infectious bursal disease?
A birnavirus
What are some examples of type IV hypersensitivity?
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, KCS, autoimmune thyroiditis
What is the treatment for a cow with a bleeding abomasal ulcer?
Evaluate lameness, add grass hay to diet, decrease stress, tx concurrent dz, administer IV anti-ulcer meds, blood transfusion if needed
What disease is a major problem in farmed deer and is emerging as a threat to farmed bison?
Malignant catarrhal fever
What is the most common isolate from horses with mastitis?
Strep zoo
What is the clinical presentation of Teschovirus encephalomyelitis?
Paralyzed, neurologic pigs of all ages with fever, lethargy, and anorexia, and NO gross lesions on necropsy
What structure is often penetrated during dehorning of adult cattle? What clinical signs can result?
Cornual diverticulum; anorexia, fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, decreased airflow through nostril, and foul breath
