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VTNE > ZUKU Review > Flashcards

ZUKU Review Flashcards

1
Q

Which teeth are best x-rayed using the bisecting angle technique?

A. mandibular molars
B. mandibular premolars
C. maxillary incisors
D. temporomandibular joint

A

C. maxillary incisors

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2
Q

When is the bisecting radiograph technique typically preferred?

A

for maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors

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3
Q

A tooth may appear what if you do not use the bisecting angle technique?

A

artificially foreshortened or elongated

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4
Q

What is another name for struvite crystals?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate / triple phosphate

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5
Q

What is another name for struvite crystals?

A. calcium oxalate monohydrate
B. amorphous phosphate
C. magnesium ammonium phosphate
D. calcium carbonate

A

C. magnesium ammonium phosphate

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6
Q

What type of urine crystals can sometimes be found in animals with antifreeze toxicity?

A

calcium oxalate monohydrate

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7
Q

What type of urine crystal is wheel-shaped and appears in the urine of a healthy horse?

A

calcium carbonate

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8
Q

Abdominocentesis reveals sanguineous fluid.

How can you determine that it is fresh blood rather than just hemorrhagic fluid?

A. see if it clots
B. measure lactate
C. evaluate red blood cell morphology microscopically
D. take another sample and check color
E. measure viscosity
A

A. see if it clots

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9
Q

Which animal normally has cloudy urine and why?

A. ferrets; high mucus concentration
B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals
C. pigs; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
D. cats; struvite crystals
E. cloudy urine is abnormal in all species

A

B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals

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10
Q

What animals have high concentrations of calcium carbonate crystals and mucus in their urine?

A

horses and rabbits

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11
Q

What kind of problem may result in waxy casts in the urine sediment of a dog?

A. glomerular leakage
B. chronic renal tubular degeneration
C. pyelonephritis
D. renal hemorrhage

A

B. chronic renal tubular degeneration

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12
Q

Waxy casts in a urine sediment are thought to be older versions of what?

A

granular casts

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13
Q

Which direction is caudal?

A

towards the tail

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14
Q

What direction is rostral?

A

towards the nose

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15
Q

What does abaxial mean?

A

away from the middle of the animal

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16
Q

What does abduct mean?

A

movement of a limb away from the midline

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17
Q

What does adduct mean?

A

movement of a limb towards the midline

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18
Q

In regards to anatomy, OU means what?

A

both eyes

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19
Q

In regards to anatomy, OD means what?

A

right eye

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20
Q

In regards to anatomy, OS means what?

A

left eye

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21
Q

What is the most reliable sign of pain in animals?

A

change in behavior

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22
Q

Why is the brachioradialis muscle clinically significant in dogs and cats?

A. adjacent to tibial nerve
B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture
C. lies above axillary artery
D. implicated in medial patellar luxation
E. associated with brachial plexus avulsion

A

B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture

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23
Q

Where is the brachioradialis muscle located?

A

adjacent to the cephalic vein on the medial aspect of the forearm

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24
Q

Ketamine is classified as which kind of anesthetic agent?

A

dissociative

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25
Q

When a clinician tests for a positive drawer sign in a dog, which part of the dog are they handling?

A

stifle

26
Q

What does it mean if a cow is multiparous?

A

has given birth more than once

27
Q

In what percentage should you expect dystocia in first-calf heifers?

A

10-15%

28
Q

What is the purpose of the collimator in x-ray machine?

A

decrease scatter radiation

29
Q

Which one of the following problems is most likely in a cat with the parasite Ollulanus tricuspis?

A. vomiting after eating
B. wasting and weight loss
C. watery diarrhea
D. constipation

A

A. vomiting after eating

30
Q

What does it indicate if a mare in labor has sweat around her shoulders?

A

foaling within 30 minutes

31
Q

A five-year-old Golden Retriever bitch is presented two weeks post-partum with a litter of ten puppies that are strong and growing.

The owner noted that the bitch has been weak and trembling since that morning.

As you are examining her, she begins to have tonic convulsions (involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles).

What treatment should you get ready for the vet to administer as quickly as possible?

A. 8.4% sodium bicarbonate
B. 50% magnesium sulfate
C. 10% calcium gluconate
D. injectable corticosteroids
E. diazepam
A

10% calcium gluconate

32
Q

When does eclampsia normally occur?

A

2-3 weeks post partum

33
Q

What kind of problem may result in cellular casts containing WBCs in urine sediment of a dog?

A

pyelonephritis

34
Q

Which suture material is made out of polypropylene?

A. Prolene
B. Vicryl
C. Dexon
D. PDS

A

A. Prolene

35
Q

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

36
Q

What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?

A

malignant melanoma

37
Q

What kind of artifact can occur when ultrasound waves hit uroliths?

A

shadowing

38
Q

The bisecting radiograph technique is generally preferred for what teeth?

A

maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors

39
Q

What may happen if you do not use the bisecting angle on a tooth?

A

the tooth may appear artificially foreshortened or elongated

40
Q

Which of the following animals does not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative anemia?

A. dog
B. cow
C. rabbit
D. horse

A

D. horse

41
Q

In horses, why isn’t polychromasia and reticulocytes seen in peripheral blood in horses even with anemia?

A

horses do not release immature erythrocytes from the bone marrow

42
Q

Why are atropine or glycopyrrolate (anti-cholinergics) often given as a premedication to dogs and cats before inducing anesthesia with ketamine or tiletamine? (Dissociative anesthetics)?

A

to decrease salivation

43
Q

Atropine/Glycopyrrolate does what to the pupils?

A

dilates them

44
Q

What test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)?

A

Schirmer tear test

45
Q

What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca also known as?

A

dry eye

46
Q

Dogs that don’t have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?

A

15mm/minute of wetting

47
Q

Dogs that have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?

A

less than 10mm/minute of wetting

48
Q

When can you see transient keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?

A

after anesthesia and use of atropine

49
Q

Why is it acceptable for an animal to rebreathe exhaled gasses in a closed or semi-closed anesthetic circuit?

A

exhaled gases pass through a CO2 absorbent canister

50
Q

The higher the flow rate, the ___ CO2 is pushed through the absorbent canister and is not rebreathed.

A

more

51
Q

What does sonolucent mean?

A

dark on ultrasound

52
Q

Which of the following choices is synonymous with sonolucent?

A. echoic
B. sonotropic
C. anechoic
D. hyperechoic
E. radiodense
A

C. anechoic

53
Q

As you look closely at an abdominal radiograph from a large German Shepherd, you see many regularly-spaced alternating light and dark lines on the radiograph.

What do these lines mean?

A

the image was shot with a grid under the dog

54
Q

Body parts that measure greater than ___ require a grid.

A

10 cm

55
Q

What does a grid prevent?

A

scatter radiation from reaching the film for a higher resolution image

56
Q

What do significantly increased reticulocytes on a complete blood count (CBC) indicate?

A

regenerative anemia

57
Q

Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?

A. nonrebreathing
B. partial rebreathing
C. closed
D. semi-closed system

A

C. closed

58
Q

Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?

A

closed

59
Q

What lab result would you expect to find in a cat with diabetes mellitus?

A. increased urine glucose; decreased blood glucose
B. low urine glucose; normal blood glucose
C. increased urine glucose, increased blood glucose
D. urinary infection; low blood glucose

A

C. increased urine glucose; increased blood glucose

60
Q

Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine?

A

yohimbine

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