ZUKU Review Flashcards
Which teeth are best x-rayed using the bisecting angle technique?
A. mandibular molars
B. mandibular premolars
C. maxillary incisors
D. temporomandibular joint
C. maxillary incisors
When is the bisecting radiograph technique typically preferred?
for maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors
A tooth may appear what if you do not use the bisecting angle technique?
artificially foreshortened or elongated
What is another name for struvite crystals?
Magnesium ammonium phosphate / triple phosphate
What is another name for struvite crystals?
A. calcium oxalate monohydrate
B. amorphous phosphate
C. magnesium ammonium phosphate
D. calcium carbonate
C. magnesium ammonium phosphate
What type of urine crystals can sometimes be found in animals with antifreeze toxicity?
calcium oxalate monohydrate
What type of urine crystal is wheel-shaped and appears in the urine of a healthy horse?
calcium carbonate
Abdominocentesis reveals sanguineous fluid.
How can you determine that it is fresh blood rather than just hemorrhagic fluid?
A. see if it clots B. measure lactate C. evaluate red blood cell morphology microscopically D. take another sample and check color E. measure viscosity
A. see if it clots
Which animal normally has cloudy urine and why?
A. ferrets; high mucus concentration
B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals
C. pigs; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals
D. cats; struvite crystals
E. cloudy urine is abnormal in all species
B. horses; calcium carbonate crystals
What animals have high concentrations of calcium carbonate crystals and mucus in their urine?
horses and rabbits
What kind of problem may result in waxy casts in the urine sediment of a dog?
A. glomerular leakage
B. chronic renal tubular degeneration
C. pyelonephritis
D. renal hemorrhage
B. chronic renal tubular degeneration
Waxy casts in a urine sediment are thought to be older versions of what?
granular casts
Which direction is caudal?
towards the tail
What direction is rostral?
towards the nose
What does abaxial mean?
away from the middle of the animal
What does abduct mean?
movement of a limb away from the midline
What does adduct mean?
movement of a limb towards the midline
In regards to anatomy, OU means what?
both eyes
In regards to anatomy, OD means what?
right eye
In regards to anatomy, OS means what?
left eye
What is the most reliable sign of pain in animals?
change in behavior
Why is the brachioradialis muscle clinically significant in dogs and cats?
A. adjacent to tibial nerve
B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture
C. lies above axillary artery
D. implicated in medial patellar luxation
E. associated with brachial plexus avulsion
B. can be mistaken for cephalic vein in venipuncture
Where is the brachioradialis muscle located?
adjacent to the cephalic vein on the medial aspect of the forearm
Ketamine is classified as which kind of anesthetic agent?
dissociative
When a clinician tests for a positive drawer sign in a dog, which part of the dog are they handling?
stifle
What does it mean if a cow is multiparous?
has given birth more than once
In what percentage should you expect dystocia in first-calf heifers?
10-15%
What is the purpose of the collimator in x-ray machine?
decrease scatter radiation
Which one of the following problems is most likely in a cat with the parasite Ollulanus tricuspis?
A. vomiting after eating
B. wasting and weight loss
C. watery diarrhea
D. constipation
A. vomiting after eating
What does it indicate if a mare in labor has sweat around her shoulders?
foaling within 30 minutes
A five-year-old Golden Retriever bitch is presented two weeks post-partum with a litter of ten puppies that are strong and growing.
The owner noted that the bitch has been weak and trembling since that morning.
As you are examining her, she begins to have tonic convulsions (involuntary contractions of voluntary muscles).
What treatment should you get ready for the vet to administer as quickly as possible?
A. 8.4% sodium bicarbonate B. 50% magnesium sulfate C. 10% calcium gluconate D. injectable corticosteroids E. diazepam
10% calcium gluconate
When does eclampsia normally occur?
2-3 weeks post partum
What kind of problem may result in cellular casts containing WBCs in urine sediment of a dog?
pyelonephritis
Which suture material is made out of polypropylene?
A. Prolene
B. Vicryl
C. Dexon
D. PDS
A. Prolene
What is the most common malignant oral tumor in cats?
squamous cell carcinoma
What is the most common malignant oral tumor in dogs?
malignant melanoma
What kind of artifact can occur when ultrasound waves hit uroliths?
shadowing
The bisecting radiograph technique is generally preferred for what teeth?
maxillary teeth, mandibular canines and incisors
What may happen if you do not use the bisecting angle on a tooth?
the tooth may appear artificially foreshortened or elongated
Which of the following animals does not display polychromasia and reticulocytosis with regenerative anemia?
A. dog
B. cow
C. rabbit
D. horse
D. horse
In horses, why isn’t polychromasia and reticulocytes seen in peripheral blood in horses even with anemia?
horses do not release immature erythrocytes from the bone marrow
Why are atropine or glycopyrrolate (anti-cholinergics) often given as a premedication to dogs and cats before inducing anesthesia with ketamine or tiletamine? (Dissociative anesthetics)?
to decrease salivation
Atropine/Glycopyrrolate does what to the pupils?
dilates them
What test would you do to confirm a diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes)?
Schirmer tear test
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca also known as?
dry eye
Dogs that don’t have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?
15mm/minute of wetting
Dogs that have KCS should have what kind of tear test reading?
less than 10mm/minute of wetting
When can you see transient keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)?
after anesthesia and use of atropine
Why is it acceptable for an animal to rebreathe exhaled gasses in a closed or semi-closed anesthetic circuit?
exhaled gases pass through a CO2 absorbent canister
The higher the flow rate, the ___ CO2 is pushed through the absorbent canister and is not rebreathed.
more
What does sonolucent mean?
dark on ultrasound
Which of the following choices is synonymous with sonolucent?
A. echoic B. sonotropic C. anechoic D. hyperechoic E. radiodense
C. anechoic
As you look closely at an abdominal radiograph from a large German Shepherd, you see many regularly-spaced alternating light and dark lines on the radiograph.
What do these lines mean?
the image was shot with a grid under the dog
Body parts that measure greater than ___ require a grid.
10 cm
What does a grid prevent?
scatter radiation from reaching the film for a higher resolution image
What do significantly increased reticulocytes on a complete blood count (CBC) indicate?
regenerative anemia
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?
A. nonrebreathing
B. partial rebreathing
C. closed
D. semi-closed system
C. closed
Which anesthetic breathing system has the lowest fresh gas flow rate during maintenance of anesthesia?
closed
What lab result would you expect to find in a cat with diabetes mellitus?
A. increased urine glucose; decreased blood glucose
B. low urine glucose; normal blood glucose
C. increased urine glucose, increased blood glucose
D. urinary infection; low blood glucose
C. increased urine glucose; increased blood glucose
Which drug can reverse the effects of xylazine?
yohimbine
