Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine Y3 TCD 13-24 > ZTF Cardio not covered > Flashcards

ZTF Cardio not covered Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main side effects of statins

A

myopathy (check CK in patients with muscle pain or weakness)
type 2 diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the ECG changes in a STEMI

A

ST elevation

new LBBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the ECG changes in an NSTEMI

A

ST depression
deep T wave inversion
pathological Q waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give some examples of the main thrombotic agents

A

streptokinase, alteplase and tenecteplase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what score is used in an NSTEMI to assess for PCI in an NSTEMI

A

GRACE score

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what kind of respiratory failure does LVF cause

A

type 1 respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what findings could you see in someone with right sided heart failure

A

raised JVP

peripheral odema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the management of LVF

A

mnemonic ‘pour SOD’

Pour away (stop) their IV fluids
Sit up
Oxygen
Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is cor pulmonale

A

Cor pulmonale is right sided heart failure caused by respiratory disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the most common cause of cor pulmonale

A

COPD is the most common cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name a potassium sparing diuretic

A

Spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name a type of diuretic that may cause hypokalaemia

A

thiazide diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is S1 caused by

A

closing of the atrioventricular valves (the tricuspid and mitral valves) at the start of the systolic contraction of the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is S2 caused by

A

closing of the semilunar valves (the pulmonary and aortic valves) once the systolic contraction is complete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is S3

A

heard roughly 0.1 seconds after the second heart sound. I think of it as rapid ventricular filling causing the chordae tendineae to pull to their full length and twang like a guitar string.

normal in a young patient
indicates heart failure in older patient as chordae and ventricles are stiff and weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is a 4th heart sound normally heard

A

direct before S1 and indicates a stiff or hypertrophic ventricle caused by turbulent flow from an atria contracting against a non-compliant ventricle

17
Q

which side of the stethoscope is used to hear low pitched sounds and which is used for high pitched sound

A

childs high-pitched screaming from their diaphragm

vs a church bell giving a deep “bong”.

18
Q

valvular heart disease can cause hypertrophy or dilation

what is the difference between the 2

A

hypertrophy is thickening both outwards and into then chamber

dilatation is thinning and expanding (think of it like blowing up a balloon)

19
Q

what valve pathology causes the following

a) left atrial hypertrophy
b) left ventricular hypertrophy

c) left atrial dilatation
d) left ventricular dilation

A

A) MS
B) AS

C) MR
D) AR

20
Q

what are the main causes of mitral stenosis and what do you hear

A

rheumatic heart disease
infective endocarditis

causing mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

21
Q

what is mitral stenosis associated with

A

mallar flush due to back pressure of blood into the pulmonary system causing a rise in CO2 and vasodilation

AF

22
Q

what medical condition does MR cause and what do you hear when you listen

A

HF

pan-systolic murmur

23
Q

what are the main causes of MR

A

Idiopathic weakening of the valve with age
Ischaemic heart disease
Infective Endocarditis
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome

24
Q

what is the most common valve disease

A

AS

25
Q

what sound do you hear with AS

A

ejection systolic murmur

26
Q

what are the main causes of AS

A

Idiopathic age related calcification

Rheumatic Heart Disease

27
Q

what are the other signs of AS

A

The murmur radiates to the carotids as the turbulence continues up into the neck
Slow rising pulse and narrow pulse pressure
Patients may complain of exertional syncope (light headedness and fainting when exercising) due to difficulty maintaining good flow of blood to the brain

28
Q

what sound does AR make and what is it associated with

A

early diastolic murmur

associated with corrigans pulse which is a collapsing pulse

29
Q

what are the causes of AR

A

Idiopathic age related weakness

Connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome

30
Q

out of the following, which are the 2 shockable rhythms

A

Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation
Pulseless electrical activity (all electrical activity except VF/VT, including sinus rhythm without a pulse)
Asystole (no significant electrical activity)

Medicine Y3 TCD 13-24 (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions