Zoonotic Viral Disease I and II Flashcards
What is a viral zoonosis and what are the important zoonosis to know?
A virus that is transmitted to humans from a mammalian vertebrate.
Poxviruses, rhabdoviruses, coronaviruses, filoviruses, arena and bunyaviruses, and arboviruses are all important to know.
What do you know about Poxviruses?
Only DNA virus to replicate in the cytoplasm.
Largest “brick shaped” virus
What is molluscum contagiosum?
Wart like lesions on the face back and buttocks mainly seen in children.
Can be spread by contaminated towels in gymnasiums. It is self limiting and only capable of replicating in live cells.
What are Tanapox and Yabapox?
Only present in parts of Africa.
Self limiting disease transmitted by arthropods that leads to only one or two papular lesions.
What is monkeypox?
A rare but serious disease of west and central africa that causes skin lesions.
It is associated with gambian giant rats and rodents.
What do you know about rabies?
Bullet shaped, enveloped, negative sense ssRNA virus.
Transmitted by bats and raccoons.
Causes an acute encephalitis upon spread to the CNS.
Negri bodies are pahtognomonic.
If untreated it is uniformly fatal.
What do you know about SARS?
Enveloped positive sense ssRNA virus that can lead to ARDS
Diagnosis only considered in patients with recent travel to asia, an occupational exposure, or part of a special cluster of pneumonia with no alternative diagnosis
What is MERS?
Linked to a corona virus. Likely spread by camels
What are Hendra and Nipah viruses?
Paramyxoviruses with a broad tropism making them highly pathogenic.
Both viruses are linked to fruit bats.
Cause widespread multisystemic vasculitis leading to thrombosis, ischemia, and necrosis.
Brain lungs and spleen are most severely infected organs
What are the important viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fever?
Filoviruses (Ebola, marburg)
Arenaviruses (Lassa fever, LCMV)
Bunyaviruses (CCHF, RVF, Hantaviruses)
Arboviruses
What do you know about Arenaviruses?
Lassa fever is in west africa and the reservoir is a rat. Humans are infected by contact with excrement.
LCMV is a rodent born disease that is enveloped with a grainy appearance. LCMV has ambisense RNA.
How does LCMV present?
Aseptic meningitis or encephalitis. Usual biphasic presentation with initial fever and malaise anorexia, muscle aches, and headache followed by brief remission.
Mortality rate of LCMV?
What do you know about Hantavirus?
Bunyavirus
Enveloped ssRNA with a three segment genome.
Transmitted via inhalation of infected rodent excrement
What are the common symptoms of Hantavirus?
Headache, back/ab pain, fever, chills, nausea, blurred vision
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
