Zoonotic/Exotic Viruses of CNS Flashcards
Zoonoses defnintion
diseases of vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to man; either directly or indirectly through an insect vector.
name for zoonotic disease with an insect vector is called a?
arboviral disease
transmitted by mosquitoes
Flaviviruses :
- West Nile Virus
- Dengue
- Yellow Fever Virus
- St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
West Nile Virus - lifecycle & when does it pop up most?
-infected mosquiotes feed on birds
-virus replicates in birds
-other mosquitoes bite the bird and spready it
-some mosquiote eventually bites a human
-virus does not replicate well in us - Dead end host –> mosquito cant really spready human to human
(INCIDENTAL/ACCIDENTAL HOST)
-SUMMER EARLY FALL DISEASE
West Nile Virus - clinical/symptoms/who affected most?
- sudden onset of febrile illness - nausea, vomiting, headache, eye pain, rash…
- -mostly in OLDER PEOPLE*
West Nile Virus - diagnosis/treatment
—DIAGNOSIS: -Serology & CSF fluid
–Treatment: only supportive. No vaccine for humans- only horses
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus - transmission and when does it pop up most?
- bird/horse - mosquito - human (dead end host)
- late summer/early fall
- southern US
St. Louis Encephalitis - symptom and who s:
- sudden onset igh fever with headache,… can get wrose
- mostly OLD PEOPLE
St. Louis Encephalitis - treatment/vaccine/daignosis
- Diagnosis - serology
- treatment: none - supportive therapy
- no vaccine
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
- bird/horse/rodents - mosquito - human (dead end host)
- most common in Japan
togaviruses (alpha viruses) types:
- Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Virus
- Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) Virus
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) Virus
Eastern/Wester Equine Encephalitis - location/peak when?
summer/fall /// June and July
-duh in the eastern/western US ish respectively
Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Virus - symptoms/presentation
- sudden onset febrile illness
- can progress to encephalitis
- EASTER MORE SEVERE AND DEATH MORE COMMON -1/3 die –> so kind of severe even though not common
- WESTERN IS MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN!
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus - found where?
south and central america
Bunyaviruses
Hantaviruse
LaCrosse (California) Encephalitis Virus
LaCrosse (California) Encephalitis Virus- transmission/affects who/animal reservoir/peaks when? :
- Arbovirus
- Transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes
- MOSTLY CHILDREN
- squirrels and chipmunks (rodents)
- Summer peak
- fever headache , coma etc same shit
Hantaviruses - transmission:
spread by inhalation of dried feces and urine from infected rodents
Rhabdoviruses cause and this effects what animals?
- rabies (lyssavirus)
- humans, and other mammals (skunks, bats, racoons)
Rhabdoviruses transmission
- Transmission is through infected saliva
- Bites
- Contamination of mucous membranes (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth)
- Aerosol transmission
- Corneal transplantations
- Most infections are transmitted by exposure to infected dogs or bats
Rhabdoviruses - infectious process
-Following inoculation the virus proliferates locally
-Virus enters peripheral nerves and is transported to the central nervous system (CNS)
(sensory and motor nerves)
-Incubation period of a few days to more than month.
(nonspecific flu-like signs — malaise, fever, or headache)
-The virus rapidly disseminates within the CNS and spreads to peripheral nerves
-ONCE YOU START PRESENTING SYMPTOMS THEN YOURE MOST LIKELY GOING TO DIE.
Rabies - symptoms/presentation
-During the period of cerebral infection behavioral changes develop.
(anxiety, confusion, and agitation, progressing to delirium, abnormal behavior, hallucinations, and insomnia)
-Hydrophobia (fear of water) is a classic sign of rabies and occurs in approximately 50% of cases.
Rabies treatment/vaccine
- NO Treatment - only supportative … once you show symptms youll die within two weeks.
- vaccine!
Rabies - diagnossi
usually post mortem - virus isolation or serology
-PRESENCE OF NEGRI BODIES IN ANIMALS (distinct intracytoplasmic inclusions in infected neurons)
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) - whcih animal is reserve
- Arena virus
- Rodent-borne (COMMON MOUSE) virus which can causes aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis.
- Most infections are asymptomatic or produce a mild febrile illnesses.
- Pregnancy-related infection has been associated with abortion, and neurological deficits.
