Zoonotic Diseases Flashcards
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for PSITTACOSIS?
Psittacosis
- Etiology: Chlamydia psittaci
- Transmission: inhalation of aerosolized feces of birds
- Signs: subclinical in birds, in humans=headache, flu-like, fever, respiratory problems.
- Treatment: Birds=quarantine and tetracycline. People=doxycycline
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for SALMONELLA?
Salmonella
- Salmonella enterica
- fecal-oral, reptiles well-known
- Signs: people=GI problems, animals=subclinical carriers
- Treatment: antibiotics for immune-compromised patients (children, elderly)
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for LEPTOSPIROSIS?
LEPTOSPIROSIS
- Leptospira spp.
- Contracted in stagnant water and shed in urine of infected dogs. Penetrates intact or cut skin or mucous membranes, rapidly invades the blood stream
- 90% of human cases are subclinical. Dogs=fever, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, renal or hepatic failure
- antibiotics
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for CAMPYLOBACTER?
Campylobacter
- Campylobacter spp. (mainly C. jejune and C. coli)
- fecal-oral, mostly from kittens & puppies
- people=GI problems. animals=mostly asymptomatic, others mainly diarrhea
- self-limiting treatment, anti-motility drugs for diarrhea increase severity of symptoms.
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for TULAREMIA?
Tularemia
- Francisella tularenis
- humans=cat bites & scratches. cats=wild animals, usually rabbits. rabbits=from ticks
- Humans=swollen lymph nodes, fever, chill, respiratory complications
- antibiotics
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for EHRLICHIOSIS?
Ehrlichiosis
- Ehrlichia canis
- ticks
- Dogs=3 phases. 1-actue, fever anorexia, lethargy 2-4 weeks. 2-subacute, thrombocytopenia & anemia, no obvious signs. 3-chronic, lethargy, weight loss, bone marrow suppression, pancytopenia and hemorrhage.
- tetracycline or doxycycline
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for LYME DISEASE?
Lyme disease
- Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochetal bacteria)
- ticks
- dogs=abrupt onset of fever, anorexia, modertae to severe lethargy and shifting front leg lameness, joint issues
- amoxicillin or doxycycline
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for GIARDIA?
Giardia
- Giardia canis
- people & dogs=exposure to water near where giardia infected animals defecate.
- People=gastroenteritis, prolonged period of diarrhea (weeks) and weight loss. animals=asymptomatic or diarrhea.
- Metronidazole traditionally, but only effective against 60% of cases. Now, Fenbendazole treatment of choice.
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for TOXOPLASMOSIS?
Toxoplasmosis
- Toxoplasma gondii
- gardening, under-cooked meat, cat feces
- Asymptomatic or transient signs of diarrhea, anorexia, depression, fever. 25-40% of US have antibodies. Humans=flu or mono like symptoms
- cats=clindamycin(antibiotic)
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS?
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
- Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm)
- Infective hookworm larvae acquired from soil that has been contaminated with feces from infected dogs or cats.
- Larvae directly penetrate the skin and cause a highly pruritic, raised red tracking rash
- Lesions regress spontaneously, but can be treated with thiabendazole or albedazole (anthelmintics=antiparasitic drugs.)
Etiologic agent, route of transmission, clinical signs and treatment for VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS?
- Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati
- 90-100% of puppies >3months of age are infected. Fecal-oral.
- Same as CLM, except larva migrate through organs instead of under skin. Signs vary from asymptomatic to fatal. may include fever, malaise, wheezing, hepatomegaly.
- Mild cases resolve spontaneously, otherwise anthelmintics and anti-inflammatory drugs.
How is rabies transmitted?
- direct bite from contagious rabid animal
- A scratch from a rabid mammal that breaks skin
- Saliva or neural tissue from contagious rabid animal contact with open wound, break in skin, or mucus membranes such as in the nose, eyes or mouth.
How does rabies travel through the body?
Rabies travels through the nervous system rather than blood.
What is the incubation period?
The incubation period is the time from the exposure to rabies virus until animal becomes sick and/or shows signs and is capable of infecting other animals. Can last 2 weeks, up to one year. During IP, animal cannot transmit virus and possibly cured with vaccine.
What are the signs for rabies?
“Furious” or “Paralytic”= aggression/loss of fear/excess vocalization/may drool OR decreased activity/incoordination/hind limb lameness/drop jaw, unable to swallow, eventually death.
