Zoonotic Bacterial Infections

Question 1

maltese cross**

Answer 1

babesiosis**

-transmitted by ticks

Question 2

Bartonellosis

-Bartonella henselae

Answer 2

• Cat-Scratch Fever* - infected with fleas
• regional LAD and red striations (linear stretch marks)***
• bacillary angiomatosis (vascular lesions) –> pyogenic granulomas in immunocompromised**
• mistaken for Kaposi Sarcoma*

Question 3

bacillary angiomatosis vs. kaposi sarcoma**

Answer 3

• both cause angioproliferation and are common in HIV/AIDS*
  1. bacillary angiomatosis –> NEUTROPHIL infiltrate**
  2. kaposi sarcoma –> HHV-8, LYMPHOCYTE infiltrate**

Question 4

brucellosis

Answer 4

• infection from unpasteurized cheese or aerosolized from animal exposure*
• meat packing workers, field dressing
• undulant fever –> high fever that rises and falls

Question 5

capnocytophaga

Answer 5

• gingival flora of cats/dogs

- can be catastrophic* quickly –> cellulitis, gangrene, sepsis, meningitis

Question 6

chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 6

• Psittacosis or “parrot fever”**
• inhaled dried feces
• contact with cages animals* (ex. pet store owner)

Question 7

coxiella burnetti

Answer 7

• Q fever**
• farm animals (goat, sheep, cattle)
• forms spore like particles that resist environment for 40 months and is gram neg –> aerosolized and inhaled***
• infected placenta, feces, urine, milk**
• flu like pneumonia and endocarditis

Question 8

spore forming bacteria

Answer 8

BSC Chemistry

1. bacillus
2. sporosarcina
3. clostridia
4. coxiella burnetti

Question 9

culture negative endocarditis

Answer 9

• endocarditis with sterile blood cultures
  1. bartonella
  2. coxiella burnetti

Question 10

Francisella tularensis

Answer 10

• Tularemia or “rabbit fever”*
• transmitted by ticks/deer flies/rabbits
• very HIGH fever spikes and malaise*
• ulceroglandular most common*
• pneumonic most dangerous (from inhaled aerosols)

Question 11

Leptospirosis

-Leptospira interrogans

Answer 11

• can come from rodents urinating in water*
• surfer or swimmer in tropics
• conjunctival suffusion/hemorrhage (red eyes)***
• Weil’s disease (rare)* –> liver damage (jaundice), renal failure, bleeding

Question 12

Pasteurellosis

-Pasteurella multocida

Answer 12

• flora in mouth of cats/dogs
• get cellulitis or osteomyelitis*
• rapid inflammation (pain, tender, swelling) following scratch or bite

Question 13

Ehrlichia

Answer 13

• morulae in MONOCYTES***
• Lone Star tick (white tail deer)
• obligate intracellular bacteria that appear like parasites

Question 14

Anaplasma

Answer 14

• morulae in GRANULOCYTES***
• Ixodes scapularis tick (same as babesiosis and lyme)
• obligate intracellular bacteria that appear like parasites

Question 15

Lyme Disease

-Borrellia burgdorferi

Answer 15

• ixodes scapularis tick

- targetoid lesion**

Question 16

rickettsia vs. chlamydia

Answer 16

both are obligate intracellular bacteria and use host cell ATP

1. rickettsia
   - make some ATP***
   - tick borne
2. chlamydia
   - do NOT make ATP (rely on organism)***
   - person to person contact

Question 17

obligate intracellular bacteria

Answer 17

1. rickettsia
2. chlamydia
3. coxiella

Question 18

typhus vs. typhoid

Answer 18

1. typhus
   - caused by Rickettsia
   - plagues
2. typhoid fever
   - caused by salmonella
   - enteric disease

Question 19

R. prowazekii vs. R. typhus**

Answer 19

1. R. prowazekii (epidemic typhus)
   - body lice**
   - cause epidemics**
2. R. typhi (murine typhus)
   - rat fleas**
   - NO epidemics**

Question 20

RMSF

-Rickettsia rickettsi

Answer 20

• in US
• transmitted by dog tick (dermacetar)***
• classic triad –> fever, chills, headache
• rash involves the palms and soles*** (starts on wrists/ankles)
• syphilis and hand-foot-mouth also involve palms/soles**

Question 21

Yersinia pestis*** “bubonic plague”

Answer 21

• infected from rat/prairie dog/squirrel flea bites**
• bipolar safety pin staining**** (dot at both ends)
• grows on McConkey agar, but does NOT ferment***