Zoonoses Flashcards
1
Q
definition
A
- diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans under natural conditions
- any type of organism included
- directly transmitted from animals to people, or indirectly through the environment or vectors
- human population is not part of life cycle, accidental insertion that is often dead end host
- reservoir is non-human animal species that maintains infections
2
Q
vector
A
- transmits pathogen from reservoir to other animals
- can also be reservoir itself
- not all zoonotic diseases require a vector, some direct from animal to human
3
Q
spectrum of disease
A
-broad death from rabies severe illness from the plague chronic illness from Q fever mild illness from psittacosis
4
Q
transmission
A
- routes varry
- contact with saliva, blood, urine, or feces of an infected animal
- bite by a tick, mosquito, fly
- eating or drinking something unsafe- unpasteurized milk, undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and veggies
5
Q
bacterial zoonotic pathogens
A
- bacillus anthracis-no vector
- francisella tularensis- tick, mosquito, deer flies
- brucella species- no vector
- yersinia pestis- fleas
- bartonella henselae- fleas ?ticks
6
Q
bacillus anthracis
A
- gram pos rod
- bacteria shed at death from hemorrhage from nose, mouth or anus
- sporulizes on contact with O2, then infect humans or cow
- can also be vectored by a biting fly, but not common
- 3 types- cutaneous, inhalation, GI
- GPR on culture of lesion
- treat with cipro, doxy
7
Q
cutaneous anthrax
A
- small sore that develops into a blister (eschar)
- blister develops into skin ulcer with a black area in the middles
- significant edema
- blister and ulcer do not hurt
8
Q
GI anthrax
A
-nausea, loss of appetite, bloody diarrhea, fever, followed by bad stomach pain
9
Q
inhalation anthrax
A
- cold or flu symptoms and can include a sore throat, mild fever, and muscle aches
- later sx include cough, chest discomfort, SOB, tiredness and muscle aches
10
Q
francisella tularemia
A
- aerobic gram neg rod
- type a and b (for beaver!)
- a more virulent and in US/Canada. B less virulent and in europe
- both spread through direct contact or through vector (flea, tick, fly)
- 5 types- ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, pneumonic
- can acquire by inhaling dust/aerosols contaminated with bacteria- farming/landscaping
11
Q
ulceroglandular tularemia
A
- most common form and usually occurs following a tick or deer fly bite or after handing of an infected animal
- A skin ulcer appears at the site where the organism entered the body.
- The ulcer is accompanied by swelling of regional lymph glands, usually in the armpit or groin.
- glandular is similar but without ulcer
12
Q
oculoglandular tularemia
A
- occurs when the bacteria enter through the eye usually when a person is butchering an infected animal and touches his eyes
- Symptoms include irritation and inflammation of eye and swelling of lymph glands in front of the ear.
13
Q
oropharyngeal
A
- results from eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
- Patients with orophyangeal tularemia may have sore throat, mouth ulcers, tonsillitis, and swelling of lymph glands in the neck.
14
Q
pneumonic
A
- most serious form of tularemia.
- Symptoms include cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
- This form results from breathing dusts or aerosols containing the organism.
15
Q
Brucella
A
- usually transmitted to humans by contact with infected farm animals
- lots of different types
