Zoonoses Flashcards
What are zoonoses?
Diseases that pass between people + animals.
>70% of emerging human infectious diseases come from animals.
What are 3 examples of new emerging infectious diseases?
VHF
Resp diseases: MERS
Novel influenza viruses: pH1N1
Give 3 modes of zoonotic diseases transmission
Everyday contact: Scratches or bites
By-products (feces/urine): Contaminated soil, Litter
Foodstuffs: Carcass processing, Milk/ milking, Raw/ undercooked meats
Which zoonoses are UK farm/ wild animal associated?
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Which zoonoses are tropical farm/ wild animal associated?
Brucella
Coxiella
Rabies
VHF
Which zoonoses are UK companion animal based?
Bartonella
Toxoplasmosis
Ringworm
Psitticosis
Which zoonoses are tropical companion animal associated?
Rabies
Tick-borne diseases
Spirilum minus
What is the reservoir and transmission for Campylobacter?
Reservoir: POULTRY + Cattle
Transmission: Contaminated food
Often through cross-contamination from raw chicken.
What is the clinical presentation of Campylobacter? What are investigations and management for Campylobacter?
Diarrhoea
Bloating
Cramps
Ix: Stool culture
Mx: Supportive
What is the reservoir and transmission for Salmonella?
Reservoir: Poultry + Reptiles/ amphibians
Transmission: Contaminated food + Poor hand hygiene
What is the clinical presentation of Salmonella? What are investigations and management for Salmonella?
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Fever
Ix: Stool culture
Mx: Supportive
Ciprofloxacin/ Azithromycin in severe
What is the reservoir and transmission of Bartonella henselae?
Reservoir: Kittens > cats
Transmission: Scratches, Bites, Licks of open wounds, Fleas
Which two diseases can Bartonella henselae cause? Generally in which groups of patients?
Cat Scratch Disease: ImmunoCOMPETENT
Bacillary angiomatosis: ImmunoCOMPROMISED
Why do kittens cause Bartonella henselae more than adult cats?
Slightly curved Gram -ve rod.
Kittens more likely to infect because they scratch more + have higher prevalence of Bartonella.
Prevalence in cats of all ages: 30-50%.
What is the clinical presentation of cat scratch disease? What are investigations and management for cat scratch disease?
Macule at site of innoculation, becomes pustular
Regional adenopathy
Systemic sx (fever, night sweats, weight loss)
Ix: Serology
Mx: Erythromycin, Doxycycline
What is the clinical presentation of bacilliary angiomatosis?
Mostly in HIV + immunosuppressed. Much more severe disease than CSD.
Skin papules (BIG)
Disseminated multi-organ + vasculature involvement
Liver: deranged LFTs, deranged clotting
Spleen: splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytosis, fragments on blood film
What are investigations, management and prevention recommendations for bacilliary angiomatosis?
Ix: Histopathology, Serology
Mx: Erythromycin/ Doxycycline + Rifampicin
Prevention: Wash hands after handling cats, use flea control, do not let cats lick abraded skin/ open wounds.
What is the reservoir and transmission of Toxoplasmosis?
Reservoir: Cats > Sheep
Transmission: Infected meat, Faecal contamination
What is the clinical presentation of toxoplasmosis?
Fever
Adenopathy
Still-birth
Progressive visual, hearing, motor, + cognitive issues
Seizures
Neuropathies