Zoonoses Flashcards
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
pork, whales, nodular eruption that is localized
Bartonella henselae
young cats
stellate abscess on biopsy
Warthin Starry stain
serology, PCR, DFA on pus
Tuleremia
exposure to wild animals or their ticks
should be systemically ill with fever, malaise, chills
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae
acute suppurative lymphadenitis proximal to a bite, scratch or lick of a young cat; cats have chronic bacteremia but seem healthy
cat fleas may transmit between cats and humans
Cat Scratch disease
papule, pustule at inoculation site, may be self-limited
encephalitis, stellate retinitis, uveititis are rare
macular star**
Cat Scratch disease
10% drain spontaneously
if not, node aspiration improves pain, excludes Staph -
tx with azithromycin
Bartonella
slow growing gram neg rod
B henselae
cat scratch disease
peliosis
B baciliformis
Andes, Peru, sand fly bite
Carrion’s disease
B baciliformis
Oroya fever - acute, fever and anemia
later - verruga peruana (hemangioma-like nodules in skin and mucous membranes). tx with ciprofloxacin (oroya)
Azithromycin (VP)
B quintana
Human body louse
Bacteremia in homeless, trench fever
endocarditis
Bacillary angiomatosis (cutaneous)
B henselae or B quintana
Lesions bleed easily
vascular proliferation, plump endothelial cells, bacilli which make growth factor
Bacillary peliosis
visceral involvement, B henselae hepatosplenic bacillar peliosis fever, chills, hepatosplenomegaly hypodense center with contrast-enhancing rim US, MRI - masses blood filled spaces, bacilli
B quintana
Osteomyelitis. lytic
B quintana
chronic bacteremia, endocarditis (culture negative)
B quintana
human body lice; crowded, unsanitary conditions - trench fever in WWI
splenomegaly, fever, arthropathy and arthritis, leg pain, rash, weakness, thrombocytopenia
B quintana
bacteremia, endocarditis in AIDS, homeless, alcoholics
B henselae OR quintana
culture negative endocarditis insidious onset consider in homeless patients PCR should be positive lower temp, fresh chocolate agar if IgG > 800, highly suggestive
Anthrax
*skin (95%), pruritic papule on skin exposed to goat hair, animal hides
Small vesicles around an ulcer with pain
edema
Mild systemic symptoms
Aerobic, encapsulated, sporulating gram positive rod on smear, culture
Tx with PCN, weaponized strains resistant to multiple abx
Inhalation, ingestion
Tuleremia
highly infectious
gram negative coccobacillus
Tuleremia
vectors - ticks, deerflies
direct inoculation - rabbits, squirrels
hunters skinning animals, farmer, veternatian
red tender local LN inoculation site
ulceroglandular > glandular > oculoglandular
tuleremia
aerosolizing bunnies, lawnmowing, brush cutting,
pneumonia
plague
Yersinia pestis NM, California, AZ, Colorado rodent flea bite, prarie dogs fever, nausea, swollen, painful nodes sepsis, PNA, can aerosolize
yersinia pestis
gram negative coccobaccilus bipolar-staining bacilis safety pin appearance lab hazard streptomycin **prairie dogs!
plague
plaque is endemic in Mandagascar - consider plague!
also consider Marmot
leptospirosis
spirochetes in the urine of infected host, able to survive in wet environment
ecotourism - hawaii, veterinarians, loggers, triatheletes, white water rafting, trapping, urine from cows pigs, dogs, raccoons, rats, mice
leptospirosis
fever, myalgia, HA, aseptic meningitis conjunctival suffusion, rash jaundice, azotemia, pulm hemorrhage serology, culture urine doxy for outpatients, IV PCN inpatient, can get JH reaction
brucellosis
- Exposure to non-USA dairy or meat, unpasteurized cheese, uncooked meat
- Slaughterhouse worker, meat packer, veterinarian
- Acute or indolent onset fever, aches
- Nodes, liver, spleen may be enlarged
- Later onset lesions in bone, liver,
- Epididymo-orchitis, endocarditis
- Sacroilitis, tenosynovitis, meningitis
- ingestion
- malodorous perspiration
Q fever
Coxiella burnetti - tiny coccobacillus
spores survive in straw, manture, meat for months
acute pneumonia, fever, HA, hepatosplenomegaly
chronic endocarditis
granulomatous hepatitis with donut granulomas
tx with serology, diagnosis with doxy, levaquin
Streptobacillus monofilomis
only bacteria that causes RBF in north america - fever, chills, myalgia, headache, vomiting, rash
- gram negative
contact with rodents carrying bacteria
- consumption of food, water contaminated with urine and droppings of rodents carrying bacteria
- PCN treatment
Spirillum minus
Asia; fever, ulceration at bite site, lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, rash
infected after contacts with rodents carrying bacteria - food or water contaminated with urine, droppings of rodents carrying bacteria
