Zoology Terms Flashcards
a category in biological classification that ranks immediately below a species and designates a population of a particular geographic region genetically distinguishable from other such populations of the same species and capable of interbreeding successfully with them where its range overlaps theirs
TOPICS Biology C1
نوعی تقسیم‌بندی زیست‌شناختی است که پس از گونه قرار می‌گیرد. با مشاهده یا آزمایش دی‌ان‌ای می‌توان فهمید که آن جانور متعلق به چه زیرگونه‌ای است. زیرگونه‌ها در اغلب موارد به دلیل جدایی جغرافیایی زیستگاه خود ایجاد می‌شوند. اگر این جدایی طولانی شود منجر به تشکیل یک گونه متفاوت خواهد شد اما اگر مدت آن کوتاه باشد به ایجاد زیرگونه‌ای منجر می‌شود که هرچند برخی مشخصات ظاهری، رفتاری و ژنتیکی مخصوص به خود را دارد اما هنوز می‌تواند با بقیه اعضای خود جفت‌گیری کرده و فرزندان بارور و سالم را ایجاد کند. برای مثال یوز آسیایی و یوز آفریقایی دو زیرگونه از یوزپلنگ ایرانی هستند.
جانوران اهلی نیز به دلیل جدا شدن از جمعیت وحشی خود به زیرگونه‌ای از نوع وحشی تبدیل شده‌اند. برای مثال سگ زیرگونه‌ای از گرگ و گربه اهلی زیرگونه‌ای از گربه وحشی و گوسفند زیرگونه‌ای از قوچ‌ومیش است.زیرگونه
subspieces
/ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/
(plural subspecies)
noun (North American English) [uncountable] (specialist)
a period of time in which a female animal is fertile and ready to have sex
COMPARE be on heat
estrus
/ˈestrəs/
(British English oestrus)
Thefemalepandaisinestrus for only 24 to 48hoursperyear.
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wild members of the pig family (Suidae) belonging to the genus Phacochoerus. These artiodactyl mammals are found in grasslands, savannas, and woodlands across sub-Saharan Africa.
warthog
Etymology: The English name “warthog” comes from the prominent facial warts, particularly noticeable in males.
War - Old English ‘weorr’ meaning wart or knot
Hog - Old English ‘hoga’ meaning pig
Scientific Name and Etymology:
Genus: Phacochoerus
Phaco (Greek) - meaning lentil or wart
Choerus (Greek) - meaning pig
Scientific Classification:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Genus: Phacochoerus (warthogs)
Phacochoerus africanus (common warthog)
Phacochoerus aethiopicus (desert warthog)
(biology)
an invertebrate animal such as an insect, spider or crab, that has its skeleton on the outside of its body and has joints on its legs
TOPICS Insects, worms, etc. C2
بندپایان
**Arthropod**
| /ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd/
## Footnote
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Clade: ParaHoxozoa
Clade: Bilateria
Clade: Nephrozoa
(unranked): Protostomia
Superphylum: Ecdysozoa
(unranked): Panarthropoda
(unranked): Tactopoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
from Greek arthron ‘joint’ + pous, pod- ‘foot’.
a large group of birds, usually starlings, that all fly together and change direction together, or the act of birds doing this :
Starling murmurations are one of the most dazzling displays in the natural world.
a murmuration of starlings
murmuration
kleptoparasitism
marsupial adjective
/mɑːˈsuːpiəl/
/mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/
[only before noun]
belonging to the group of animals that carry their young in a pocket of skin called a pouch
marsupial noun
/mɑːˈsuːpiəl/
/mɑːrˈsuːpiəl/
enlarge imageany animal that carries its young in a pocket of skin (called a pouch) on the mother’s stomach. Kangaroos and koalas are marsupials.
TOPICS AnimalsC2
noun
a pair of slender, movable, segmented sensory organs on the heads of insects, myriapods, and crustaceans.
TOPICS Insects, worms, etc. C1
antenna
plural form:
antennae/ænˈteniː/
/ænˈtenə/
These structures are primarily used for sensing their environment, including feeling and touching things. The plural form in this context is usually “antenna
the first period of the Mesozoic Era, lasting from about 252 to 201 million years ago. It follows the Permian Period and precedes the Jurassic Period. This period is known for the emergence of the first dinosaurs, mammals, and the dominant reptiles called archosaurs. The climate was generally warm and dry, and Pangaea, the supercontinent, began to break apart during this time. The end of the Triassic was marked by a significant extinction event that paved the way for the dominance of dinosaurs in the Jurassic Period.
The Triassic Period
/traɪˈæs.ɪk/
The Triassic is divided into three epochs:
Early Triassic
Middle Triassic
Late Triassic2.
Naming Origin:
The term “Triassic” was coined by Friedrich August von Alberti in 1834.
It refers to three distinct rock layers found in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colorful sandstone), the middle Muschelkalk (shell-bearing limestone), and the upper Keuper (colored clay)3.
Location: New York City, USA
Founded: 1869
Focus: Natural history & anthropology
Exhibits: Dinosaurs, human evolution, animals, plants, minerals, and more!
American Museum of Natural History
noun [uncountable]
a serious disease, caused by bacteria, in which swellings appear on the lungs and other parts of the body
TOPICS Health problems C2
سل
tuberculosis
(abbreviation TB
/tuːˌbɜːrkjəˈləʊsɪs/
periodic condition observed in male elephants. During …., these majestic creatures exhibit aggressive behavior and experience a significant rise in reproductive hormones.
Musth
- the lower jawbone
- in insects, one of the two parts of the mouth used for biting and cutting food
mandible
/ˈmæn.də.bəl/
The lower jaw bone is the only moveable bone of the skull and is attached to muscles involved in chewing and other mouth movements. It also holds the bottom teeth in place. Also called mandible.
the first geological period of the Mesozoic Era, spanning from about 252 million to 201 million years ago. It marked the beginning of the recovery of life on Earth following the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the most severe extinction event in Earth’s history.
Triassic
Etymology: The name “Triassic” comes from the German word “Trias,” meaning “threefold,” referring to the three-part division of the rock layers from this period in Germany.
Scientific Classification:
Eon: Phanerozoic
Era: Mesozoic
Period: Triassic (252 million to 201 million years ago)
Epochs (from oldest to youngest):
Lower Triassic (Induan, Olenekian, Anisian)
Middle Triassic (Ladinian, Carnian)
Upper Triassic (Norian, Rhaetian)
a geological time period spanning from roughly 201.3 million to 145 million years ago. It falls within the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles. The … Period is preceded by the Triassic Period and succeeded by the Cretaceous Period.
Etymology: The name “Jurassic” is derived from the Jura Mountains, a mountain range bordering France and Switzerland. These limestone rock formations were deposited during the Jurassic Period and were first studied in detail by geologists in the 18th century.
The Jurassic Period
Scientific Classification:
Eon: Phanerozoic
Era: Mesozoic (Age of Reptiles)
Period: Jurassic Period
Early Jurassic Epoch (201.3 – 174.1 million years ago)
Middle Jurassic Epoch (174.1 – 167.7 million years ago)
Late Jurassic Epoch (167.7 – 145 million years ago)
a geological time period lasting from approximately 145 million years ago to 66 million years ago. It represents the final period of the Mesozoic Era and is known for the reign of dinosaurs.
The Cretaceous Period
The name “Cretaceous” comes from the Latin word “creta” meaning “chalk.” This refers to the extensive chalk deposits formed during this period from the accumulation of microscopic marine organisms.
Scientific Classification:
Eon: Phanerozoic
Era: Mesozoic
Period: Cretaceous
Flashcard Summary:
Time: 145 million years ago - 66 million years ago
Era: Mesozoic Era (Era of Middle Life)
Known for: Reign of dinosaurs, rise of flowering plants, dominance of marine reptiles
Etymology: Cretaceous (from Latin “creta” meaning chalk)
