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Zoomorhpology > Zoology, Morphology and Systematics > Flashcards

Zoology, Morphology and Systematics Flashcards

1
Q

Zoomorphology

A

A branch of biology dealing with the body plans of animals

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2
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of categorization or classification of organisms based on discrete sets of features

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3
Q

Systematics

A

The science of categorization or classification of organisms past or present, and the relationship among organisms across time

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4
Q

Defining characteristics of animals

A
  • Eucaryotic
  • Multicellular
  • Heterotroph
  • Aerobic respiration
  • Motile
  • Sexual reproduction
  • Blastula stage during embryonic development
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5
Q

Eucaryotic

A

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus

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6
Q

Multicellular

A

Organisms consisting of more than one cell

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7
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organisms consuming organic material for meeting their metabolic needs

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8
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Organisms requiring oxygen to produce ATP

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9
Q

Motile

A

Organisms that are able to spontaneously move their bodies

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10
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Organisms producing gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes

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11
Q

The species concept

A
  • Morphological
  • Biological
  • Phylogenetic
  • Ecological
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12
Q

The morphological species concept

A

Individuals who are similar in morphology belong to the same species

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13
Q

The biological species concept

A

Individuals who can have fertile offspring together belong to the same species

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14
Q

The phylogenetic species concept

A

Individuals who share a common ancestor and a line of evolution that differs from other lines of evolution belong to the same species

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15
Q

The ecological species concept

A

Individuals who utilize different ecological niches belong to different species

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16
Q

Bilateria have Bilateral symmetry which is…?

A

Organisms with a single plane of symmetry which divides the body into two mirror-image left and right halves.

They additionally have two axes of polarity: an interior-posterior axis and a dorsal-ventral axis.

17
Q

The two axes of polarity

A
  • Interior-posterior axis (= head and tail end)
  • Dorsal-ventral axis (back and belly side)
18
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Organisms with a repeating pattern of body parts around a central axis

19
Q

Protostomia

A

A type of bilateria
* Spiral cell cleavage
* Mosaic Embryo
* Blastopore becomes mouth, anus forms secondarily
* Coelom forms by splitting (schizocoelous)

20
Q

Blastopore

A

Opening of gastrula

21
Q

Deutorostomia

A

A type of bilateria
* Radial cell cleavage (90° angle)
* Regulative embryo
* Blastopore becomes anus, mouth forms secondarily
* Coelom forms by outpocketing (enterocoelous)

22
Q

Spiral cell cleavage

A

Oblique angle

Protostomia

23
Q

Mosaic embryo

A

Excised blastomere –> arrested development

Protostomia

24
Q

Schizocoelous

A

Coelom forms by splitting

Protostomia

25
Q

Radial cell cleavage

A

90° angle

Deutorostomia

26
Q

Regulative embryo

A

Excised blastomere –> two normal larvae or embryos

Deutorostomia

27
Q

Enterocoelous

A

Coleom forms by outpocketing

Deutorostomia

28
Q

Germ layers

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Endoderm
  • Mesoderm
29
Q

Ectoderm germ layer

A

Develops into the epidermis (including hair, nails, skin glands) and the nervous system (including brain and spinal cord)

30
Q

Endoderm germ layer

A

Develops into the gastrointestinal tract and associated organs (such as liver, pancreas, bladder, and lungs)

31
Q

Mesoderm germ layer

A

Develops into muscles (smooth and striated), bone, cartilage, dermis, circulatory systems (including heart, blood vessels and spleen), and the wall of the coelom

32
Q

Diploblastic animals

A

Organisms that develop from only two germ layers: the ectoderm and the endoderm

33
Q

Triploblastic animals

A

Organisms that develop from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm, and the mesoderm

34
Q

Lophotrochozoa

A

Presence of a lophophore and a trochophore

35
Q

Lophophore

A

A ring of ciliated tentacles around their mouth

Present in lophotrochozoa

36
Q

Trochophore

A

Free swimming larva with several bands of cilia

Present in lophotrochozoa

37
Q

Ecdysozoa

A

A type of protostomia

They perform ecdysis

38
Q

Ecdysis

A

Molting of their exoskeleton

Performed by ecdysozoa

39
Q

Blastomere

A

a type of cell produced by cell division (cleavage) of the zygote after fertilization; blastomeres are an essential part of blastula formation

Zoomorhpology (2 decks)

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