Zoology Lab 2 Flashcards
- Forms boundaries between different
environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters - Hallmarks: irritable and contractile
Epithelial Tissues
One layer
Simple
More than one layer of cells
Stratified
Modification of simple epithelium
Pseudostratified
Modification of stratified epithelium
Transitional
Flat
Squamous
Circle-ish cube
Cuboidal
Long and tall
Columnar
- Found in the lining of lungs and blood vessels
- Mediators of filtration and diffusion
Simple Squamous Epithelium
- Found in kidney
- Absorption and secretion
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
- Secret mucus that coats and protects the surrounding surface from damage
- Found in the cornea, inner ear, and nose
Simple Columnar Epithelium
- Usually in trachea
- Protects the lungs from these irritants
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
A type of intestinal mucosal epithelial cell
that synthesize and secrete mucus
Goblet cells
- Enable tissue to contract and expand
- Urinary tract
Transitional Cuboidal Epithelium
Fewer fibers, more ground substance
Loose Connective Tissue
More fibers, less ground substance
Dense Connective Tissue
✓ base area
✓ like cytoplasm
Ground Substance
Three protein fibers
Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
✓ most abundant
✓ strongest
Collagen
✓ bold pigment
✓ curly
Elastic
✓ weblike
✓ networking and branching
Reticular
Stem cell
Mesenchymal
Immune systems
Macrophage
Calorie storage system
Adipocyte
Secrete / create fiber
Fibroblast
Creation / secretion
Blast
Maintenance
Cyte
Broken down / repair
Clast
- Skin
- More ground substance
- Provides support and helps to protect organs, muscles, and many other tissues
- Contains all three types of fibers
Areolar Connective Tissue
- Heart, stomach, liver
- Globular area
- Nucleus is at the side
- Extends throughout the body
- Known as the body fats
Adipose Tissue
- Aorta
- Consists of fibroblasts and densely compacted parallel bundles of fibers –mainly elastic fibers
- Provides elasticity and resilience to the tissues
Elastic Connective Tissue
- Tendon
- Uniform alignment of fibers
- Mainly made up of collagen fiber
- Collagen fibers are packed together
- Allows tissue to return to its original length after stretching
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
- Skin (dermis)
- A 3-dimensional structure that can withstand significant force from different directions
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- Joints, respiratory tract
- White semi-solid orientation cell
- Helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints
Hyaline Cartilage
- Supports parts of your body that need to bend and move to function
- Most flexible
- mainly in the larynx, the external part of the ear (pinna), and the tube leading from the middle part of the ear to the throat (eustachian or auditory tube)
Elastic Cartilage
- Predominantly in the intervertebral disks of the spine and at the insertions of ligaments and tendons.
- Act as a cushion within joints, where it helps manage compression forces and reduces stress placed on joints
Fibrocartilage
- Support and protection of soft tissues, calcium, and phosphate storage and harboring of bone marrow
- Production of blood cells
Bone
- A fluid connective tissue
- Deliver oxygen and nutrients to various cells and tissues of the body
Blood Cell
- Multinucleated (peripherally located)
- Striation
- Voluntary
- Very long, cylindrical cells
- Attached to bones
- Contract to produce movement, sustain body posture and position, maintain body temperature, store nutrients, and stabilize joints
Skeletal Muscle
- Uninucleate
- 1 fiber
- Striated
- Cylindrical cells
- In the heart
- Under involuntary control
- Responsible for the contractility of the heart and, therefore, the pumping action
Cardiac Muscle
- Fusiform shape
- 1 fiber / uninucleate
- Involuntary control
- In the walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, eyes, glands, skin
- Spindle shape
- Helps with digestion and nutrient collection
- Exists throughout the urinary system, where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance
Smooth Muscle
- Fundamental unit of the brain
- Responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world
- For sending motor commands to our muscles
- For transforming and relaying the electrical signals at every step in between.
Neuron
