Zoology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the synapomorphies of the Bony Fishes?

A
  • Patterns of lateral line canals.
  • Similar opercular and pectoral girdle dermal bone.
  • Fin webs supported by bony dermal rays.
  • Endochondral bone.
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2
Q

What are the two lineages of the bony fishes?

A

Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii

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3
Q

What are the features of the Sarcopterygii

A
  • Long, cylindrical bodies.
  • Heterocercal tail.
  • Paired fleshy, scaled fins with bony central axis.
  • Massive jaw muscles.
  • Cosmine (derived from dentine) covered body.
  • Abundant during the Devonian.
  • Durophagous.
  • Originally all marine.
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4
Q

How may genera of Lobe Finned fishes are there?

A

• Three that are distributed in South America, Africa, and Australia.

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of the lung fishes?

A
  • Dorsal, caudal, and anal fins fused.
  • Caudal fin symmetrical.
  • Design result of paedomorphosis.
  • Estivation
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6
Q

What are the two lineages of Sarcopterygii

A

Actinistia and Dipnoi

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7
Q

What are the features of the Actinistia?

A

• Intracranial joint between anterior and posterior halves of
skull.
• Lack maxilla.
• Symmetrical caudal fin with three lobes.
• Swim bladder filled with fat.
• Rostral organ (electroreceptor).
• Viviparous.

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8
Q

What are the origins or ancestral features of actinotergyii?

A

• Ancestral forms small with single dorsal fin and forked,
heterocercal caudal fin.
• Outer coating of scales covered with ganoine.
• Rays derived from elongate scales aligned end to end.

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9
Q

What is the biology of Actinoterygii?

A

• Upper and lower lobes of caudal fin nearly symmetrical.
• All fin membranes supported by fewer bony rays.
• Increased flexibility of fins.
• Lower jaw supported by hyomandibula.
• Adductor mandibulae capable of large size.
• Coronoid process of lower jaw adds torque to bite.
• In derived neopterygians, opercular bones connected to
mandible and assist with lower jaw depression.

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10
Q

Explain the evolution of suction feeding in The Jaws of Actinoterygii?

A

Hyomandibula capable of lateral movement.
• Increasing volume of orobranchial chamber and
generating suction.

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11
Q

Explain the evolution of protrusible jaws in Actinoterygii

A
  • Evolved independently three or four times.
  • Premaxilla slides forward over cranium.
  • May improve hydrodynamic efficiency and grasping
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12
Q

Explain the evolution of pharyngeal teeth of Actinoterygii

A
  • Pharyngeal plates associated with gill arches.
  • Fusion of plates with arches produced pharyngeal jaws.
  • Used to hold and or manipulate prey.
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13
Q

Who are the extant members of Actinoterygii?

A

Polypteriformes, Acipenseriformes,
Lepisosteiformes,
Ammiformes,
Teleostei

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14
Q

What are the features of the Polypteriformes?

A

Dorsal finlets, recoil aspiration, pectoral fins with fleshy bases, heterocercail tails, interlocking scales with ganoine

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15
Q

What are the features of the Acipenseriformes?

A
STURGEONS:
large,active, benthic predators
lack endochondral bones
heterocercal bones
protrusible jaw

Paddlefish:
elongated and flattened rostrum
possible electrodetection

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16
Q

What are the features of the Lepisosteiformes?

A

long body, jaws, and teeth

17
Q

What are the features of the Amiiformes?

A

relatively akinetic and assymetrical caudal fin

18
Q

Who are the members of the Teleostei?

A

Osteoglossomorpha
Elopomorpha
Clupeomorpha
Euteleostei

19
Q

What are the features of the Osteoglossomorpha?

A

Unique bony characters of the mouth

Unique mechanics of the jaws

20
Q

What are the features of the Elopomorpha?

A

Leptocephalous larval form

21
Q

What are the features of the Clupeomorpha?

A

Specialized for feeding on plankton

Many are anadromous

22
Q

The Euteleostei contain how many members?

A

Six

23
Q

The Esociformes features are what

A

Elongate bodies

Caudally placed dorsal and anal fins

24
Q

What are the features of the Stenopterygii?

A

Many are luminescent

Often have long, needle like teeth

25
Q

What are the features of the Scopelomorpha?

A

Bioluminescent

26
Q

The Lampridiomorpha are known as whom?

A

Oarfish

27
Q

What are the featuers of the Paracanthopterygii

A

Anterior pelvic fins

Anglerfishes with an ilicium with esca

28
Q

What are the features of the Acanthopterygii?

A

Highly mobile tooth plates in the pharynx
Highly protrusible jaws
Percomorpha Group

29
Q

Who are included in the Percomophra Group

A
Antherinomorpha
Gasterosteiformes
Scorpaeniformes
Tetraodontiformes
Pleuronectiformes
Perciformes
30
Q

The extant Teleostei include?

A

Ostariophysi

31
Q

What are the feautures of the Ostariophysi?

A
  • Protrusible fishes.
  • Possess Weberian apparatus.
  • Produce alarm substance.
32
Q

Describe the reproduction of ray finned fishes

A

most oviparous
some deposit or carry eggs
most marine broadcast spawners
some catadromous or anadromous

33
Q

Describe the reproduction freshwater teleosts reproduction

A

Few large yold riched eggs

eggs places in nests or attached to surface of objects

34
Q

Describe the reproduction marine teleosts reproduction

A
external fertilization
large number of small, buoyant eggs
hatch and feed on plankton
undergo metamorphosis
pelagic eggs and larvae may be derived condition