zoology Flashcards
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What hormones control labor?
Oxytocin, prostaglandins, relaxin, estrogen, and progesterone.
What are the stages of labor and childbirth?
Stage 1: Dilation and effacement of the cervix, Stage 2: Expulsion of the baby, and Stage 3: Placental delivery.
What hormones regulate pregnancy?
hCG, progesterone, estrogen, and relaxin.
What are the three trimesters of pregnancy?
First Trimester (0–12 weeks), Second Trimester (13–26 weeks), and Third Trimester (27–40 weeks).
What are the early stages of development?
Cleavage, blastocyst formation, and implantation.
What is fertilization?
The process where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote. It occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
What is the menstrual cycle?
A recurring cycle of hormonal changes that prepares the body for pregnancy, involving the follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase, and menstruation.
What is the function of the ovaries?
Produce eggs (ova) and secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
What are the components of the female reproductive system?
What are the components of the female reproductive system?
What is the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in males?
It regulates the production of GnRH, FSH, and LH, which stimulate spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
What is the function of the testes?
Back: Production of sperm and testosterone
Production of sperm and testosterone
What are the components of the male reproductive system?
Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra, accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands), and penis.
What is emotional maturation?
A complex and ongoing process involving self-awareness, emotional regulation, empathy, responsibility, healthy relationships, and resilience.
What are Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor Stage (0–2 years), Preoperational Stage (2–7 years), Concrete Operational Stage (7–11 years), and Formal Operational Stage (11+ years).
What is cognitive maturation?
The progressive development of an individual’s ability to think, reason, and understand complex ideas as they grow. It involves changes in intellectual capabilities, problem-solving skills, memory, and decision-making processes.
What are secondary sexual characteristics in females?
Back: Breast development, widening of the hips, and changes in fat distribution.
What are secondary sexual characteristics in males?
Back: Growth of facial hair, deepening of the voice, increased muscle mass, and broadening of the shoulders.
What are the key aspects of physical maturation?
Back: Hormonal shifts, growth spurts, and development of secondary sexual characteristics.
What are the types of maturation?
Back: Cognitive maturation (development of thinking, reasoning, and understanding complex ideas) and emotional maturation (ability to understand, manage, and express emotions).
What is maturation?
Back: Maturation refers to the process of physical and biological (cognitive and emotional) growth and development. It involves reaching full adult stature, strength, and reproductive capacity, typically occurring during adolescence and early adulthood, marked by hormonal changes and physical transformations.
