Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Crash Course > Zoology > Flashcards

Zoology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific field dedicated to asking and answering questions about animals.

A

Zoology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The branch of science dedicated to naming, describing, and classifying organisms.

A

Taxonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A two-part latin name that is a unique identifier for every living thing.

A

Binomial Nomenclature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A group of all the beings of the same type that can breed together over multiple generations.

A

Species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A shared trait from a shared evolutionary experience

A

Homologous Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Different beings that are the most similar they can be without being part of the same species.

A

Genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A shared trait with no deeper evolutionary connection other than the need to develop it.

A

Analogous Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Estimates how long ago two species diverged from one another by comparing their DNA.

A

The Molecular Clock Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A genetic record of how a being came to be how it is today.

A

Evolutionary History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The study of homologous and analogous traits, evolutionary history, and relationships between beings.

A

Phylogenetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A eukaryotic multicellular organism whose cells are not able to photosynthesize and must either make up specialized tissue or together be diverse in nature. When it comes to being even more precise, if a being is related to the first animal ancestor, it is one.

A

Animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A diagram that exhibits animal relationships through shared ancestry and time.

A

Phylogenetic Tree/Phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A group with all of the descendants of a common ancestor.

A

Clade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The idea that evolutionarily beings will change and develop in the most straightforward, logical way.

A

Parsimony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A phylogenetic tree where the least amounts of gains or losses of a trait are shown.

A

Maximum Parsimony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Predicts evolutionary relationships by calculating the mutations needed to change one set of DNA into a new one.

A

Maximum Likelihood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many animals are on earth.

A

Global Species Richness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How abundant one species is compared to another.

A

Diversity Ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A zoologist who focuses on insects.

A

Entomologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

100 square meters of land, about equivalent to 2.47 acres.

A

Hectare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An animal with no spine, a body of jointed segments, and a hard covering.

A

Arthropod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Global trends in where species live.

A

Macroecological Patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An increasing number of species when there are an increasing number of roles to fill.

A

Species-Area Relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Defining features of a place that affect the land itself on a large scale.

A

Geographical Features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Comparing bits of DNA to identify unknown species or fix categorization mistakes.

A

DNA Barcoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Divides all living things into the most generalized categories.

A

Kingdom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Groups organized by evolutionary history and body plan sharing key characteristics but different lineage.

A

Phylum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Growth that continues over a lifetime.

A

Indeterminate Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Growth that alternates between fast or slow or no growth, over a lifetime.

A

Periodic Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Growth that occurs and then stops when it has reached a maximum size.

A

Predetermined Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Growing bigger by making individual cells bigger.

A

Eutely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Growing a larger body out of cells that have been set-aside.
In the larval form of a creature there are cells with a predetermined amount of growth, as well as a few that take over once the originals die. The ball of set-aside cells then develop into the many cell types needed to create the adult form.

A

Maximal Indirect Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Growth that occurs by adding complete, individual clones to an original form.

A

Colonial Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Distantly related creatures that evolved similar traits.

A

Convergent Evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A type of convergent evolution in which non-crab like animals evolve into crab-like creatures because of the huge evolutionary benefits.

A

Carcinization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The period between 359.2 and 299 million years ago, and the second to last period in the Paleozoic era.

A

Carboniferous Period

37
Q

Derived from Greek roots meaning “ancient life” this era happened from 541 to 252 million years ago.

A

Paleozoic Era

38
Q

The period between 145.5 and 65.5 million years ago, and the final segment of the Mesozoic era.

A

Cretaceous Period

39
Q

Derived from Greek roots meaning “middle life” this era lasted 252-66 million years ago.

A

Mesozoic Era

40
Q

The period between 199.6 and 145.5 million years ago.

A

Jurassic Period

41
Q

Having a raised chance of surviving to pass on genes.

A

Evolutionary Fitness

42
Q

Evolving a head.

A

Cephalization

43
Q

Evolving to not have a head.

A

Decephalization

44
Q

A structure that collects the sense organs needed to perceive the world, the mouth, and nerve cells that coordinate the structure in front of the animal, where they can react to danger and other stimuli.

A

Head

45
Q

Creatures that are symmetrical and have symmetrical halves.

A

Bilaterians

46
Q

The property of being symmetrical and divisible into halves.

A

Bilateral Symmetry

47
Q

Symmetry around a central point.

A

Radial symmetry

48
Q

A flexible rod that supports a body as an embryo and sometimes as an adult, but usually develops into a vertebral column in adulthood.

A

Notochord

49
Q

Creatures that have a vertebral column.

A

Vertebrates

50
Q

Creatures that do not have a vertebral column.

A

Invertebrates

51
Q

A framework that shapes, supports and protects soft tissue.

A

Skeleton

52
Q

An internal support structure made of mineralized tissues.

A

Endoskeleton

53
Q

A type of mineral compound containing largely calcium and phosphorus.

A

Calcium Phosphate

54
Q

A carbonate mineral which is the more stable polymorph of calcium carbonate.

A

Calcite

55
Q

A skeleton that sits outside of the body.

A

Exoskeleton

56
Q

Long chains of sugar molecules.

A

Polysaccharides

57
Q

Hair-like parts of cells that move in coordinated waves.

A

Flagella/Cilia

58
Q

Studying how mechanical principles guide how animals are structured and move.

A

Biomechanics

59
Q

Creatures that engulf food with their body and don’t make it themself.

A

Ingestive Heterotrophs

60
Q

Eating other animals.

A

Carnivory

61
Q

Eating plants and fungi.

A

Herbivory

62
Q

A muscular part of the gut that grinds food, which is most common in creatures that don’t have teeth.

A

Gizzard

63
Q

Eating both plants and other animals.

A

Omnivory

64
Q

Creatures that eat wood.

A

Xylophagers

65
Q

Creatures that eat bone.

A

Osteophagers

66
Q

Creatures that capture food suspended in water or air.

A

Filter-Feeders

67
Q

A filter-feeding system inside baleen whales.

A

Baleen

68
Q

A creature that hunts and eats other animals.

A

Predator

69
Q

Creatures that eat and kill whole plants and/or eat future plants (seeds).

A

Plant-Predators

70
Q

Creatures that eat something that is already dead.

A

Scavengers

71
Q

Creatures that eat bits of decaying plants, animals, and feces.

A

Detritivores

72
Q

A creature that lives off another species as a main source of food.

A

Parasitism

73
Q

A waste product found in blood created when a body breaks down purines. In controlled amounts it can aid in immune receptivity for humans. Excreted by birds and reptiles and unusually by humans since other mammals convert it to allantoin.

A

Uric Acid

74
Q

Protiens that enter the body via the digestive tract metabolize into uric acid. They are also a naturally occurring chemical that is beneficial to many different bodily needs.

A

Purines

75
Q

A substance formed by ammonia being converted into something less toxic. Amino acids to ammonia to this. Mammals excrete this.

A

Urea

76
Q

A gas made up of nitrogen and hydrogen. One way it is produced is through the breakdown of amino acids in a body. Fish, alligators and crocodiles excrete this.

A

Ammonia

77
Q

An insoluble substance that makes up plant cell walls and plant fiber. Made of glucose monomers.

A

Cellulose

78
Q

The network of nerve cells that transmit messages through the body.

A

Nervous System

79
Q

Organs, or groups of tissue or cells that all do the same thing, that are made up of big bunches of nerve cells called neurons.

A

Brains

80
Q

Sends and receives information from other cells using electrical signals and processes the information in order to respond environmentally.

A

Neurons

81
Q

The tail-like feature of a nerve that passes along electrical signals.

A

Axon

82
Q

The nucleus-housing central part of a nerve that provides structure, takes in nutrients, and carries out specialized functions.

A

Cell Body/Soma

83
Q

Groups of neurons that work together.

A

Ganglia

84
Q

Dense tissues that protect and stabilize the brain and spinal cord to the surrounding bones.

A

Meninges

85
Q

Fluid filled cavities in the heart and brain.

A

Ventricles

86
Q

A bunch of receptive neuron axons that send messages to the brain.

A

Nerves

87
Q

A nervous system that has no central organ but rather a network of ganglia that transmits environmental information.

A

Neural Net/Neural Ring

88
Q

The size of an animal’s brain compared to what is expected for their body size.

A

Encephalization Quotient/EQ

Crash Course (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions