Ziolo Midterm

Question 1

Hematocrit

Answer 1

RBC/Total blood volume

Question 2

Microcirculation

Answer 2

arterioles, capillaries, venules

Question 3

Force

Answer 3

DeltaP/R

Question 4

Resistance

Answer 4

8(Length)(viscosity)/pi(r^4)

Question 5

Most important factor in resistance

Answer 5

radius

Question 6

Innervation of the atria

Answer 6

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

Question 7

Innervation of ventricle

Answer 7

Sympathetic ONLY

Question 8

SA Node

Answer 8

Pacemaker of heart

Question 9

Heart Conduction System

Answer 9

SA-AV-Bundle of His- Right and Left Bundle Branches- Perkinje Cells

Question 10

Depolarization phase of myocardial ventricular cell

Answer 10

Opening of Na+ channels

Question 11

Plateau of myocardial ventricular cell

Answer 11

Opening of calcium and potassium channels

Question 12

Repolarization phase of myocardial ventricular cell

Answer 12

Opening of potassium channels, closure of calcium

Question 13

F Channels

Answer 13

Leaky Sodium Channels in nodal cells

Question 14

Depolarization in nodal cell

Answer 14

opening of calcium channels

Question 15

repolarization in nodal cell

Answer 15

reopening of potassium channels, closure of calcium

Question 16

P Wave

Answer 16

Atrial depolarization

Question 17

QRS complex

Answer 17

ventricular depolarization

Question 18

T Wave

Answer 18

ventricular repolarization

Question 19

L Type Channels

Answer 19

calcium channels in plasma membrane that allow calcium to flow into cytosol

Question 20

Why do we need a long refractory period in heart?

Answer 20

ventricular filling

Question 21

First heart sound

Answer 21

closure of AV valves

Question 22

Second heart sound

Answer 22

closure of aortic an pulmonary valves

Question 23

Stenosis

Answer 23

narrowing

Question 24

regurgitation

Answer 24

insufficiency

Question 25

How are systemic and pulmonary systems arranged?

Answer 25

in series

Question 26

How are organ systems arranged?

Answer 26

in parallel

Question 27

Systole

Answer 27

ventricles contracting

Question 28

diastole

Answer 28

ventricles relaxed

Question 29

Cardiac Output

Answer 29

HR x SV

Question 30

Stroke Volume

Answer 30

amount of blood ejected per cycle; EDV-ESV

Question 31

How to speed up heart rate

Answer 31

increase sympathetic innervation, decrease parasympathetic

Question 32

3 Factors influencing SV

Answer 32

Pre-load, Afterload, sympathetic input

Question 33

Frank Starling Mechanism

Answer 33

Illustrates effects on stroke volume

Question 34

How do sympathetics influence contraction and relaxation of heart

Answer 34

Stronger and more rapid contraction and more rapid relaxation

Question 35

How do sympathetics increase SV

Answer 35

by increasing calcium

Question 36

Compliance

Answer 36

deltaV/deltaP

Question 37

Pulse Pressure

Answer 37

SP-DP

Question 38

MAP

Answer 38

DP + 1/3(SP-DP)

Question 39

Sympathetic Stimulation to alpha adrenergic receptors

Answer 39

vasoconstriction; less blood supply

Question 40

Sympathetic Stimulation to beta adrenergic receptors

Answer 40

vasodilation; increase blood supply to that area

Question 41

Do capillaries have smooth muscles

Answer 41

No, punk

Question 42

Filtration

Answer 42

movement of fluid and solutes out of blood

Question 43

Absorption

Answer 43

movement of fluid and solutes into blood

Question 44

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 44

outward force away from the fluid

Question 45

Osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration

Answer 45

inward force pulling fluid towards it

Question 46

Erythropoietin

Answer 46

release by kidneys in response to low oxygen to signal production of more erythrocytes in bone marrow

Question 47

Anemia

Answer 47

decreased ability of blood to carry oxygen due to decreases total number of erythrocytes or diminshed concentration of hemoglobin

Question 48

2 processes of hemostasis

Answer 48

platelet plug formation and coagulation

Question 49

most important factor for clotting

Answer 49

thrombin

Question 50

Why is liver important in clotting

Answer 50

help absorb vit K which is needed to make prothrombin

Question 51

Protein C, TFPI, and Antithrombin III

Answer 51

limit clotting

Question 52

Total Peripheral Resistance

Answer 52

sume of resistance from all systemic blood vessels

Question 53

MAP

Answer 53

CO x TPR= Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure

Question 54

Barroreceptors

Answer 54

monitor blood pressure, especially in aortic arch and carotid sinuses

Question 55

Main reason CO increases during excercise

Answer 55

HR

Question 56

Shock

Answer 56

any situation with decrease in blood to organs; can be hypovolemic, low-resistance, or cardiogenic

Question 57

Ischemia

Answer 57

Atherosclerotic narrowing of coronary artery resulting in decreased blood supply to myocardium

Question 58

Infarction

Answer 58

when severe ischemia causes myocardial damage

Question 59

Angina pectoris

Answer 59

chest pain associated with ischemia or infarction