zespermilam sie >_< (daty) Flashcards
1
Q
40,000 BC (australia)
A
arrival of the first aboriginal people (southeast asia –> australia)
2
Q
20,000 BC (australia)
A
the aboriginal people have spread throughout the mainland and tasmania
3
Q
1770 (australia)
A
james cook –> east coast [British possesion, ‘‘New South Wales] / boat - HM Endeavour
4
Q
1788 (australia)
A
arthur philip + british fleet + 11 vessels + nearly 800 convicts –> founding of penal settlement at sydney / the aboriginal people population –> several hundred thousan
5
Q
1829 (australia)
A
colony of western australia established at perth
6
Q
1836 (australia)
A
south australia established, capital = adelaide
7
Q
1850s (australia)
A
gold discovery –> gold rushes –> population rise=1mln / influx of chinese –> restrictions on their entry / very bad treatment of the aboriginal people and collapse of their numbers
8
Q
1856 (australia)
A
australia becomes the first country to introduce the secret ballot for elections (tajne glosowanie)
9
Q
1877 (australia)
A
australia and england –> first cricket test match in melbourne
10
Q
1901 (australia)
A
country unified as the commonwealth of australia / restricion act –> a brake on non-white immigration
11
Q
1911 (australia)
A
foudning of canberra / canberra –> capital
12
Q
1914-1918 (australia)
A
australia commits hundreds of thousands of troops to the british during ww1 / their participation in the galipoli campaign –> heavy casualties, cementing a sense of national identity
13
Q
When did North America’s first humans migrate, and from where? (Canada)
A
15,000-20,000 b.c.e. from Asia
14
Q
500BC onwards (Canada)
A
First Nations people settle / establish trade routes across Canada
15
Q
11th Century (Canada)
A
Norse explorers —-> North America *establish the first known European settlement in the Americas | Newfoundland
16
Q
1497 (Canada)
A
John Cabot (Italian-born navigator) —> coasts of |Newfoundland and |Cape Breton
17
Q
1941 (australia)
A
the us –> war declaration on japan. australia –> help from the us in defence (after japan takes singapore). australia –> us’s base (the pacific war)
18
Q
1948 (australia)
A
australia –> scheme for mass immigration. europe –> australia –> 2 mln people< /30 years (1/3 = britain, hundreds of thousands italy, greece, germany)
19
Q
Late-15th Century (Canada)
A
First Nations population *200,000 - 2 million ——falls by 40-80% after——>European colonization |due to: repeated outbreaks of European infectious diseases, conflicts, loss of land and a subsequent loss of self-sufficiency
20
Q
1950 (asutralia)
A
australia commits troops to un forces in the korean war.
21
Q
1956 (australia)
A
olympic games held in melbourne
22
Q
1965 (australia)
A
australia commits troops to the us war effort in vietnam
23
Q
1973 (australia)
A
end of white australia policy. immigration (mostly from asia) –> transformed demography and culture throughout the decades
24
Q
1534 (Canada)
A
Jacques Cartier *explores—>St Lawrence river *claims for France—>the Gulf of St Lawrence
25
1583 (Canada)
Newfoundland---->England's first overseas colony
26
1600s (Canada)
Fur trade rivalry ---> *the French, *English, *Dutch; the Europeans exploit existing rivalries between local people to form alliances.
27
1627 (Canada)
'Company of New France' established to govern and exploit "New France" - France's North American colonies
28
1670 (Canada)
'Hudson's Bay Company' established by London traders. The company holds trading rights for regions whose rivers drain into Hudson Bay.
29
1756-63 (Canada)
'Seven Years' War' between:
- New France
- the larger and economically-stronger British colonies; After early French successes--->Quebec falls in 1759 / the British--->advance on Montreal.
30
1763 (Canada)
Under the 'Treaty of Paris'--->Britain acquires *all French colonies east of the Mississippi (na wschod od missisippi) including "New France" ---becomes---> the colony of Quebec.
31
1774 (Canada)
'The Quebec Act' *recognises:
- the French language
- Roman Catholicism in the colony
32
1776 onwards (Canada)
Loyalist (American colonists, of different ethnic backgrounds, who supported the British) refugees from the American War of Independence ----settle in---> *Nova Scotia, *Prince Edward Island, *Quebec, *Ontario.
33
1800s (Canada)
Increased European immigration.
34
1812-14 (Canada)
War of 1812 between the US and Britain, largely over the effects on the US of British blockades of French ports.
- Naval battles on the Great Lakes
- US attack on York, (now Toronto)
But the US fails to realise its plans to invade Canada.
35
1975 (australia)
constitutional crisis / gough whitlam's (prime minister's) government --> plagued by resignations/blocked budget --> the upper house of the parliament / governor-general (john kerr) --> dismisses the government
36
1994-2003 (australia)
australia --> peacekeepers --> long-running conflict in bougainville, island province of papua new guinea / around 15 000 people dead, up to 70 000 displaced
37
1999 (australia)
australia + its interventrion force --> east timor --> to counter pro-indonesia militia violence / referendum in australia to make it a republic --> deafeated with 55% voting
38
2000 (australia)
australia --> the host sydney olympics
39
2002 (australia)
bali --> 88 australian/202 dead people --> bombs in two clubs --> attack by al-Qaeda
40
2006 (australia)
australia + east timor = deal to divide billions of dollars$$$ in revenues from oil and gas deposits in timor sea. discussions on a disputed maritime noundary --> postponed / australian troops --> peacekeeping --> the solomon islands + east timor
41
2008 (australia)
governement --> formal apology --> aboriginal population (the bad treatment)
42
2014 (australia)
man haron monis = islamist gunman --> syndey cafe --> 18 people hostage --> police arrives --> gunman + 2 hostages dead
43
1837-38 (Canada)
Armed **rebellions** in **Upper and Lower Canada**,
------>caused by disaffection with the ruling elites, poverty and social divisions.
44
1867 (Canada)
'British North America Act' -----unites----->
- Ontario,
- Quebec,
- Nova Scotia,
- New Brunswick in the **Dominion of Canada.**
45
1867-1914 (Canada)
- Canadian West,
- the provinces of British Colombia,
- Alberta, Saskatchewan,
- Manitoba,----becomes home----> to millions of immigrant settlers.
Their resettlement in the region is underpinned by the displacement of indigenous peoples.
| underpinned - poparte czyms, displacement - wysiedlenie, resettlement -
46
1896-99 (Canada)
**Klondike Gold Rush**: Some 100,000 prospectors ---migrate--->Klondike region of Yukon, in north-western Canada.
prospector - badacz mineralow
47
1885 (Canada)
**Canadian Pacific railroad** is completed.
48
1914-18 (Canada)
- 1917
World War One: Canadian forces ----play a key role---> in the fighting in France, particularly in the
- Battle of Vimy Ridge in 1917.
49
1931 (Canada)
**Statute of Westminster**
- limits the legislative authority of the British parliament over Canada,
- at the request of Canada---->the British parliament retains the power to amend the constitution---->this remains in effect until the Constitution Act, 1982, which transfers it to Canada.
50
1939-45 (Canada)
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944
World War Two: Canadian forces-----active in:
- **Italy**,
- **Europe**,
- **the Atlantic**
- elsewhere.
Canadian troops play important roles in many key battles including the
- 1942**Dieppe Raid,**
- 1943**Allied invasion of Italy**,
- **the Normandy landings and Battle of Normandy, and Battle of the Scheldt** in 1944
51
1947 (Canada)
Canada---declared to be--->of equal status with Great Britain within the Commonwealth.
52
1949 (Canada)
Canada ----becomes---> ** a founder member of Nato.**
Newfoundland (until then a British dominion)---->a province of Canada. (continuation of 1867 provinces uniting into a Dominion of Canada)
53
1950-53 (Canada)
Korean War (North Korea vs South Korea):
China vs United Nations<----including Canadian forces
54
1963 (Canada)
**Front de Liberation du Quebec (FLQ)**, a militant Quebec separatist group established.
- carries out a sustained bombing campaign between 1963-70---->bid to create an independent, socialist Quebec.
55
1965 (Canada)
New Canadian flag is adopted, replacing one incorporating the British flag.
56
1968 (Canada)
- Pierre Trudeau of the Liberal party wins elections and governs until 1984, with the exception of a nine months in 1979-80.
- Parti Quebecois (PQ) is formed to push for complete independence for Quebec.
57
1967 (Canada)
Expo 67 (Universal and International Exhibition) in Montreal -----provides----> impetus to Canadian national identity.
French President Charles de Gaulle visits and declares "Vive le Quebec libre" - Long live free Quebec. ----> and causes diplomatic incident with the Government of Canada
58
1969 (Canada)
FLQ militants bomb the Montreal Stock Exchange, injuring 27 people.
59
1970 (Canada)
**October Crisis (external):** FLQ separatists kidnap British Trade Commissioner James Cross--->Canadian armed forces are deployed across Quebe--->Cross is freed,
but during talks, Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped and murdered by the FLQ-----leading to--->a drastic loss of support for the group.
60
1991 (Canada)
Iraq's invasion of Kuwait------>Canadian forces participate in the Gulf War (wojna w zatoce perskiej)
61
1980 (Canada)
A referendum (glosowanie ludowe, obywatele wyrazaja opinie w konkretnej sprawie) on the separation of Quebec is defeated (przegrane).
62
1982 (Canada)
(continuation of 1931 Statute of Westminster) The UK transfers remaining final legal powers over Canada to Canada.
63
1992 (Canada)
- Canada,
- US,
- Mexico---- finalise---->the terms of the **'North American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta)'.**
64
1995 (Canada)
A referendum in Quebec narrowly rejects independence by a margin of only 1%.
Yes - 49.42%
No - 50.58%
65
1999 (Canada)
**Territory of Nunavut** is created in northern Canada (separated officialy from the Northwest Territories) ----> first Canadian territoy ---to have---> majority Inuit population.
66
2002 (Canada)
Canada sends first contingent (a group of soldiers that joins a larger force) of regular troops to Afghanistan as part of the post-Taliban stabilising mission. / The operations were aimed at identifying and neutralizing Al-Qaeda members in that country, as well as toppling the Taliban regime, which was supporting international terrorism.
67
2003 (Canada)
Canada opts not to join the US-led coalition against Iraq (first stage of Iraq war) -----sparking---> fierce domestic political debate.
68
2006 (Canada)
Parliament agrees that the Quebecois should be considered a "nation" within Canada.
69
2010 (Canada)
Canada hosts Winter Olympics. / Suspected ringleader of Islamic extremist group is jailed for life for plot to bomb Toronto stock exchange.
70
2014 (Canada)
Canada ---launches a mission---> to map the Arctic seabed, to support its 1925 claim to the North Pole and its sector of the Arctic Ocean. (rozszczenia terytorialne)
71
2016 (Canada)
Canada signs a free trade agreement with EU.
72
2017 (Canada)
French-Canadian student Alexandre Bissonnette is charged over the shooting of six Muslims at a Quebec mosque. / Government says it will pay compensation to thousands of indigenous people who were taken from their families as children to be brought up by primarily white middle-class families decades ago.
73
2018 (Canada)
(nafta - 1992)
- US,
- Canada,
- Mexico---reach a new trade deal---->**the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) **- to replace Nafta.
74
2021 (Canada)
After decades of advocacy(public support for an idea, plan, or way of doing something) by First Nations people, the Canadian parliament ----passes (uchwalac)---> the 'UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act'.
75
2023 (Canada)
Canada sees its **worst wildfire season** on record, with:
- thousands evacuated from threatened towns
- about** 15m hectares (37m acres)** of land burnt.
76
1200-1300 AD (new zealand)
Ancestors of **the Maori** arrive by **canoe** from other parts of **Polynesia**. Their name for the country is **Aotearoa** (land of the long white cloud).
77
1642 (new zealand)
**Dutch** explorer **Abel Tasman** sights the **south island** and charts some of the country's **west coast**. It subsequently appears on Dutch maps as **Nieuw Zeeland**, named after the **Dutch province** of Zeeland.
78
1769 (new zealand)
British captain **James Cook** explores **coastline**, also in **1773** and **1777**.
79
1840 (new zealand)
1840 - **Treaty of Waitangi** --> **british** + several **maori** tribes --> **protection** of maori land + **british law** in new zealand
80
1845-1872 (New Zealand)
The New Zealand **Wars**, also referred to as the Land Wars. **Maori** put up **resistance** to British **colonial rule**.
81
1893 (new zealand)
New Zealand becomes world's first country to give **women** the **vote**.
82
1907 (new zealand)
New Zealand becomes **dominion** within **British Empire**.
83
1914-1918 (new zealand)
**New Zealand** commits thousands of **troops** to the **British** war effort during World War One. They suffer heavy **casualties** in the Gallipoli campaign in **Turkey** in **1915**.
84
1939-1945 (new zealand)
**Troops** from New Zealand see action in **Europe**, **North Africa** and **the Pacific** during World War Two.
85
1947 (new zealand)
New Zealand gains **full independence** from Britain.
86
1951
Anzus Pacific **security treaty** signed between **New Zealand**, **Australia** and **USA**.
87
1985 (new zealand)
New Zealand **refuses** to allow **US** **nuclear-powered or nuclear-armed ships** to enter its ports. **French** secret service agents **blow up** Greenpeace **ship** Rainbow Warrior in **Auckland Harbour**. One person killed.
88
2011(new zealand)
Scores of people are killed in a major **earthquake** in **Christchurch**, New Zealand's second-largest city, on **South Island**.
89
2017 (new zealand)
A **New Zealand-US firm**, Rocket Lab, launches its **first rocket** into space, ushering New Zealand into the select group of **countries which have carried out a space launch**.
90
2019 (new zealand)
50 worshippers --> 2 mosques --> killed --> gunman --> government --> thightening gun laws
91
