Zaidi stem cell engineering Flashcards
Define totipotency
ability of a cell to give rise to all cells of an organism, including embryonic and extra embryonic tissues
Define pluripotency
ability of a cell to give rise to all cells of the embryo to give rise to all cells of the embryo and sub sequentially adult tissues
Define multipotency
ability of a cell to give rise to different cell types of a given lineage
Describe embryonic stem cells
- pluripotency can be established
- good growth in culture
- can differentiate into different cell types with characteristics that are appropriate for that site
- indefinite dividing
- can generate a full organism
where do embryonic stem cells come from
the blastocyst of the embryo
when inserted back in they get along well with everyone
What are the different possible cells that the ES cells can become when injected
cartilage bone skin nerves gut respiratory
what happens if a stem cell is injected into the embryo at a later stage
fail to receive prior cues and form teratomas with no axis formation or segmentation
How can ES cells be useful in medicine?
- study disease mechanisms
- testing chemicals (high throughput screening
- libraries for customized treatment strategies
What is a different source of human ES cells?
somatic cell nuclear transfer SCeNT
What are strategies to induce ES like cells in adult somatic cells
induced pluripotent stem cells iPS
Describe somatic nuclear transfer (SCeNT)
combines cloning methods with embryonic stem cell technology to produce custom made cells
PROCESS: nucleus is taken from the somatic cell of a patient and injected into the oocyte of a donor which replaces the nucleus (fuse)
stimulate it to divide
blastocyst is generated from hybrid oocyte and ES cells are isolated
What are some problems, with using SCeNT to treat disease
inefficient
technically challenging bc availability is low
What are the determinants of one regulatory proteins?
Oct4 Sox2 Klf4 Myc
when these are inserted, they are injected into fibroblasts and form ES like cells and can differentiate
Describe induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)
reprogram somatic cells to form iPSC by exposure to limited sets of transcription factors
What are the technical challenges and other challenges in regenerative medicine
technical:
1. production of req cell in pure form
2. producing cells in sufficient numbers
3. longevity
4. delivery method
5. proper integration into tissue
other:
1. tissue immune or rejection
2. genetic and epigenetic aberrations
