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PE GCSE > Yr9 EoY Test Revision > Flashcards

Yr9 EoY Test Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 types of bones?

A

Long Bones (femur and humerus)
Short Bones (metacarpals and metatarsals)
Flat Bones (cranium and sternum)
Irregular Bones (vertebrae)

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2
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Tidal Volume - amount of air that enters the lungs during normal inspiration at rest (average is 500ml).

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3
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume - is the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume

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4
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume - is the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume.

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5
Q

Residual Volume

A

Residual Volume - The volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

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6
Q

Inspiration (breathing in)

A
  • The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.
  • The intercostal muscles contract and move the ribs upwards and outwards.
  • This increases the size of the chest and decreases the air pressure inside it which sucks air into the lungs.
  • When exercise begins, inspiration can be assisted by the pectoral muscles and the sternocleidomastoid which help to lift the ribs up and out even further.
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7
Q

Expiration (breathing out)

A
  • The diaphragm relaxes and moves back to its domed shape.
  • The intercostal muscles relax so the ribs move inwards and downwards under their own weight.
  • This decreases the size of the chest and increases the air pressure in the chest so air is forced out of the lungs.
  • During exercise, this passive process of relaxation becomes active as the abdominal muscles pull the ribs downwards and inwards even further.
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8
Q

Resting Heart Rate

A

Resting Heart Rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute when you are not exercising. (measured in bpm)

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9
Q

Maximum Heart Rate

A

Maximum Heart Rate is worked out using the following equation 220 - Age example 220-14=206

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10
Q

Recovery Heart Rate

A

Recovery Heart Rate is the amount of time it takes for the heart to recover from working heart rate to resting heart rate (measured in minutes)

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11
Q

Working Heart Rate

A

Working Heart Rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute after a period of exercise. (measured in bpm)

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12
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The Stroke Volume is the volume of blood that leaves the heart during each contraction.

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13
Q

Cardiac output

A

Cardiac output is the volume of blood that the heart is able to pump out per minute.

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14
Q

Health

A

Health - a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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15
Q

Fitness

A

Fitness - ability to execute daily activities with optimal performance, endurance, and strength with the management of disease, fatigue, and stress and reduced sedentary behaviour.

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16
Q

Social Benefits of Health and Fitness

A

Social benefits - feel part of a group/team, meet new people and make new friends

16
Q

Physical Benefits of Health and Fitness

A

Physical benefits - less likely to get diseases or injuries

17
Q

Emotional Benefits of Health and Fitness

A

Emotional Benefits - high self-esteem and confidence, stress management

18
Q

Sedentary Lifestyle

A

A person’s choice to engage in little, or irregular, physical activity.

19
Q

Effects of a sedentary lifestyle

A

Effects of a sedentary lifestyle:
- Weight gain/obesity
- Heart disease (CHD)
- Poor self esteem
- Diabetes
- Poor sleep (insomnia)
- Lethargic, lack of energy
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)

20
Q

Hydration

A

Having enough water to enable normal functioning of the body (water balance).

21
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of body water interrupting the function of the body.

22
Q

Factors affecting water intake

A
  • Environment
  • Temperature
  • Activity/exercise
23
Q

What happens when you are dehydrated? (remember THRST)

A

THickens blood
RS reactions are slower
Temperature increases

24
Q

Equation for Cardiac Output

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

PE GCSE (1 decks)

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