YR 9, 3RD QUARTER Flashcards by Unknown Unknown | Brainscape

Q

describes what the atmosphere is like at a given time and place (described by factors such as temperatures, humidity, precipitation, air pressure, wind, and visibility)

A

WEATHER

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Q

scientists that study and predict the weather are called

A

METEOROLOGIST

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Q

refers to the long-term weather patterns of a place

A

CLIMATE

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Q

the study of the entire atmosphere, including the weather

A

METEOROLOGY

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Q

the measure of how hot or cold something is

A

TEMPERATURE

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Q

used to measure the temperature

A

THERMOMETER

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Q

the temperature at which more condensation than evaporation occurs

A

DEW POINT

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Q

the amount of water vapor in the air, as more water evaporates, this increases

A

HUMIDITY

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Q

any form of water that falls to the earth’s surface from the clouds is called

A

precipitation (e.g. rain, snow, hail, and sleet)

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Q

falling droplets of liquid water

A

rain

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Q

falls when the temperature in the cloud is below freezing

A

snow

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Q

rain that freezes as it falls

A

sleet

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Q

forms when drops of rain freeze and strong winds carry them higher into a cloud

A

hail

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Q

identify the cloud being described:
low clouds: sheet like, no turbulence, may be risen fog, light drizzle or snow, close to the earth’s surface, can hide danger

A

stratus

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Q

Where does a continental polar air mass form?

A

Northern Canada

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Q

These are tiny solid particles or liquid droplets that remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time.

A

AEROSOLS

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Altostratus Clouds

A

MIDDLE

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Stratocumulus clouds

A

LOW

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Cumulonimbus

A

LOW

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Cirrus clouds

A

HIGH

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Cirrocumulus clouds

A

HIGH

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Q

Classify the following clouds as LOW, MIDDLE, or HIGH clouds.

Nimbostratus clouds

A

LOW

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Q

Weather is studied and predicted by scientists called

A

METEOROLOGIST

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Q

How does a warm front form?

Select one:

a.
Cold air moves under warm air and pushes it up.

b.
Warm air moves over cold air and replaces it.

c.
Two air masses meet and stay separated.

d.
Warm air becomes caught between cold air masses.

A

b.
Warm air moves over cold air and replaces it.

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Q

An increase in altitude causes

A

LOWER TEMPERATURE

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Q

This is also known as the Orographic Effect.

A

RAIN SHADOW

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Q

The volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content

A

AIR MASS

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Q

A measure of the difference between continental and marine climates characterized by the increased range of temperatures that occurs over land compared with water.

A

CONTINENTALITY

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Q

The distance from the equator that is one of the most important factors in determining climate.

A

LATITUDE

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Q

This refers to long term variations in the orbit of the Earth which result in changes in climate over periods hundred of thousands of years and are related to ice age cycles.

A

MILANKOVITCH

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Q

What is usually at the windward side of a mountain?

Select one:

a.
abundant and green

b.
a desert

c.
has warm and sinking air

d.
area with no precipitation

A

c.
has warm and sinking air

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Q

What is usually found on the leeward side of a mountain?

Select one:

a.
desert

b.
forest

c.
sea

d.
swamp

A

a.
desert

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Q

This is the temperature at which more condensation than evaporation occurs.

A

DEW POINT

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Q

Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Select one:

a.
methane

b.
carbon dioxide

c.
nitrous oxide

d.
sulfur oxides

A

d.
sulfur oxides

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Q

Identify the following statements if CORRECT or INCORRECT.

Elevation is the distance from the equator.

A

INCORRECT

Q

Identify the following statements if CORRECT or INCORRECT.

Most temperate climates have one season.

A

INCORRECT

Q

Extreme weather events can be caused by changes in climate.

A

CORRECT

Q

Very warm water provides the best energy source for hurricanes.

A

CORRECT

Q

Climate is the average or typical weather conditions for a given area.

A

CORRECT

Q

Weather can be affected by changes in the Earth’s surface temperature.

A

CORRECT

Q

Pressure systems blow from areas of high pressure to low pressure centers.

A

CORRECT

Q

In southern hemisphere, cold air from the polar region comes from the south.

A

CORRECT

Q

A climate zone is an area that has similar average temperatures and precipitation throughout.

A

CORRECT

Q

Places near the coast are often warmer in summer and cooler in winter than places far away from the ocean.

A

INCORRECT

Q

The sea god Poseidon placed the figure of Cassiopeia among the stars to remind people of her humility.

Select one:
True
False

A

FALSE

Q

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between a white dwarf star (like Sirius B) and the Sun?

a.
The white dwarf has about the same mass as the Sun, but packed into a much smaller volume.

b.
The white dwarf has the same size as the Sun, but a much smaller mass.

c.
The white dwarf, despite the name, is a much larger star than the Sun.

d.
The white dwarf, unlike the Sun, is a star that never underwent nuclear fusion in its interior

A

a.
The white dwarf has about the same mass as the Sun, but packed into a much smaller volume.

Q

Which of the following is the brightest star of the Cygnus constellation?

a.
Deneb

b.
Antares

c.
Schedar

d.
Betelguese

A

DENEB

Q

How many zodiac constellations are there?

a.
12

b.
8

c.
6

d.
10

A

12

Q

The region of the HR diagram with the most stars.

A

MAIN SEQUENCE

Q

A star’s brightness as if it were a standard distance.

A

ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE

Q

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth.

A

APPARENT MAGNITUDE

Q

A graph of stars showing temperature on the x-axis and brightness on the y-axis

A

HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM

Q

The unit used to measure distances between stars.

A

LIGHT YEAR

Q

These are areas of gas on the sun that are cooler than the gases around them.

A

SUNSPOTS

Q

This is the earliest stage of a star’s life.

A

PROTOSTAR

Q

A huge cloud of gas or dust in space

A

NEBULA

Q

Formed from the leftover material after a giant star explodes, with three times the mass of the sun, but a diameter of only about 20 kilometers.

A

NEUTRON STAR

Q

An explosion that occurs at the end of a giant star’s life.

A

SUPERNOVA

Q

Exerts a strong gravitational pull that no electromagnetic radiation can escape.

A

BLACK HOLE

Q

This is what an average-sized star becomes at the end of its life.

A

WHITE DWARF

Q

How many official constellations are there?

A

88

Q

When a nebula grows and the force of gravity attracts more and more dust and gas, the temperature warms and a ____ is formed.

A

PROTOSTAR

Q

The Polaris is the northern star while the Cross is the southern star.

Select one:
True
False

A

TRUE

Q

The length of time a star lives and its fate depends on its ___.

A

MASS

Q

Both Orion and Scorpius were placed in the sky and are seen in the sky at the same time.

Select one:
True
False

A

FALSE

Q

What color of the stars are most numerous?

A

RED

Q

This is a prominent constellation in the northern hemisphere and said to be the third largest constellation in the sky.

A

URSA MAJOR

Q

Which of the constellations is prominent enough in the southern sky to be featured on several national flags in the southern hemisphere, and can never be seen from most locations north of the equator?

A

URSA MINOR

Q

When a star finishes core hydrogen burning’, and transitions to burning’ hydrogen in a shell around its core, what would we observe if we could look at the star from the outside?

a.
The intense energy from the `shell hydrogen burning’ would cause it to contract and cool off, moving down and to the left on the H-R diagram.

b.
This transition doesn’t actually have any visible effect on the surface of the star, since all the extra energy stays deep in the interior.

c.
It would get larger and cooler, moving off the main sequence toward the red giant branch of the H-R diagram.

d.
The star would keep the same surface temperature, but would move vertically upward on the H-R diagram, toward higher luminosity.

A

c.
It would get larger and cooler, moving off the main sequence toward the red giant branch of the H-R diagram.

Q

An intermediate mass star, like the Sun lives for about ____ billion years.

A

10

Q

The opening from which a volcano flows.

A

VENT

Q

Funnel shaped pit at the top of a volcano. Formed when materials are blown out of the volcano by explosion.

A

CRATER

Q

Formed when the volcano collapses due to an empty magma chamber.

A

CALDERA

Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Mount Mazama is an example of a crater lake volcano

A

TRUE

Q

It is the pile of lava, dust, ashes, and rock around the vent. Shapes may differ.

A

VOLCANIC CONE

Q

The magma that feeds the eruptions pools deep underground in a structure is called a

A

MAGMA CHAMBER

Q

The molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption.

A

LAVA

Q

Refers to the thin horizontal sheets of hardened magma between layers

A

SILLS

Q

Blister-like intrusions, usually near the surface that form when magma pushes overlying layers upward

A

LACCOLITHS

Q

Thin vertical sheets of hardened magma intruded into fractures in the crust.

A

DIKES

Q

Usually granitic and cover hundreds or thousands of square meters.

A

BATHOLITHS

Q

The pipe at the heart of a volcano where material wells up from beneath the surface,

A

VOLCANO CONDUIT

Q

Does not involve the magmatic conduit

A

FLANK COLLAPSE

Q

Affects the magmatic conduit

A

SECTOR COLLAPSE

Q

Measure the thickness of a fluid

A

VISCOSITY
higher = thique (ex. syrup, shampoo)
lower = less thique (ex. water, milk)

Q

HIGH OR LOW VISCOSITY:

Explosive eruptions

A

HIGH