Yr 2 GI- Polyp/Cancer Flashcards
fresh red blood on the paper after he opens his bowels could indicate?
hemorrhoids and anal fissures, small tears in the lining of the anus. Other common causes of bleeding in the lower part of your GI tract include: Ulcers. Colon cancer.
The patient need polypectomy and colonoscopy?
Why is this important?
Because it could metastasise. Can cause other complications.
There are some familial conditions in which affected individuals develop colorectal cancer at a young age. What is the genetic abnormality underlying the following conditions?
- Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
- Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer,
What are Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare, inherited condition caused by a defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene autosomal dominant. Most people inherit the gene from a parent. But for 25 to 30 percent of people, the genetic mutation occurs spontaneously- autosomal dominant . tumour suppressor genes that are damaged
Adenomarta -polyo
More polyps
What are Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer?
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC (one form of lynch) , Lynch syndrome) is a genetic disease of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is caused by a mutation in one of four genes of the DNA mismatch repair system and confers a markedly increased risk for various types of cancer, particularly of the colon and the endometrium. Occurs on the more right colon MLHS
. What symptoms would have prompted the GP to refer the patient to have a colonoscopy straight away?
Abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding
2cm polyp
Chronic Gi bleeding
Weight loss
Vomiting
Iron deficiency
How why are colorectal cancers staged?
T1: The tumor has grown into the submucosa, which is the layer of tissue underneath the mucosa or lining of the colon.
T2: The tumor has grown into the muscularis propria, a deeper, thick layer of muscle that contracts to force along the contents of the intestines.
T3: The tumor has grown through the muscularis propria and into the subserosa, which is a thin layer of connective tissue beneath the outer layer of some parts of the large intestine, or it has grown into tissues surrounding the colon or rectum.
T4a: The tumor has grown into the surface of the visceral peritoneum, which means it has grown through all layers of the colon.
T4b: The tumor has grown into or has attached to other organs or structures.
M0 (M plus zero): The disease has not spread to a distant part of the body.
M1a: The cancer has spread to 1 other part of the body beyond the colon or rectum.
M1b: The cancer has spread to more than 1 part of the body other than the colon or rectum.
M1c: The cancer has spread to the peritoneal surface.
Grades of colorectal cancer?
GX: The tumor grade cannot be identified.
G1: The cells are more like healthy cells, called well differentiated.
G2: The cells are somewhat like healthy cells, called moderately differentiated.
G3: The cells look less like healthy cells, called poorly differentiated.
G4: The cells barely look like healthy cells, called undifferentiated.
