Yr 2 formative Flashcards
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines three categories under which disability can be described. List these three categories and give a brief explanation of each. (6 marks)
- body structure and function impairment- abnormalities of structure, organ or system function
- activity limitation- changed functional performance and activity by the individual
- participation restriction- disadvantage experienced by the individual as a result of the impairment/ diasbility
Give any four examples of how these definitions could apply to John. (4 marks)
john has cerebral palsy.
- cognitive impairment
- motor function impairment
- learning difficulties
- LIMITED MOBILITY
Disability has far reaching implications for patients, their families and others around them. In general, what might be the effect of a disabled child on their parents, siblings, peers and teachers? Give two different examples under each heading.
PARENTS:
- marital problems
- caring for the child MAY BE DETRIMENTAL to physical health
SIBLINGS
- resentment of time parents spend looking after child
- resentment AT RESTRICTIONS to normal family life
PEERS
- may feel the need to “look after” the child
- bullying by other peers
TEACHERS
- may not have the knowledge of the disability / adeuqate training to deal with it
- may be difficult to co-ordinate mainstream learning and special learning needs together in one class
As the parent of a child with a disability/long term condition, John’s mother could be classed as an expert patient. List two different points to show your understanding of the term “expert patient”. (2 marks)
- has an in-depth understanding of the disease/condition, SOMETIMES exceeding that of the medical professional
- doctor and patient co-ordinating management of the condition together may improve patient care and quality of life
On this occasion John’s presenting symptom is not serious and his mother is happy with the advice you give. Your next patient is 62 year old Marion Yule. She has developed symptoms of chest discomfort and breathlessness when walking uphill over the last four months and found some information which suggested attending her GP. A lay source of information is just one of a number of factors influencing the uptake of medical care. List five different sources of information used by the general public which may influence their uptake of medical care. (5 marks)
- TV
- internet
- health section of newspaper
- friends/peers/family
- gp practice information leaflets
By sourcing information, Marion has shown a degree of health literacy. Health literacy is being increasingly recognised as a significant health concern around the world. Provide a brief description of health literacy. (2 marks)
people having the knowledge, understanding, skills and confidence TO USE HEALTH INFORMATION, be active partners in their care and navigate health and social care systems
Following investigation, Marion is diagnosed with angina and she commences treatment. In managing Marion’s angina, you refer to SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidance Network) Guidelines. The guidelines are based on a systematic review of the scientific literature and are aimed at aiding the translation of new knowledge into action, and are intended to achieve three main aims. List the three intended aims of SIGN Guidelines. (3 marks)
- allow social, health care workers and patients to understand medical evidence and use it TO MAKE DECISIONS ABOUT healthcare
- reduce variations in practice so that all patients have access to high quality healthcare
- improve the quality of healthcare across scotland BY FOCUSING ON PATIENT-IMPORTANT OUTCOMES
Scotland has a high prevalence of the risk factors associated with heart disease, such as smoking, poor diet and physical inactivity. Overall, it is estimated that around 7.5% of men and 4.6% of women are living with Coronary Heart Disease/CHD (2015 data). Ascertaining prevalence of diseases within a population is important for health service planning and funding. Doctors working in population health use a variety of sources and types of epidemiological data to ascertain prevalence of a large number of diseases found within the population. Which are..? (6)
- GP morbidity data
- mortality DATA
- hospital activity STATS
- cancer STATS
- accident STATS
- expenditure data from NHS
The results of studies looking at risk factors for diseases can be made harder to interpret by the presence of confounding factors. Give a brief explanation of what is meant by a confounding factor AND give two examples of common confounding factors. (4 marks)
A confounding factor is one which has an indirect link between a disease and the EXPOSURE UNDER INVESTIGATION, and therefore disorts the link between the disease and the expsosure
confounding caruables:
- age
- sex
- social class
Population pyramids for all countries show general trends of increasing numbers of older people and fewer younger people. Some reasons for these trends relate directly to improvements in health care provision e.g. better treatment and prevention of diseases. However, there are a number of reasons for these trends in population demographics which are not directly related to health care provision. List six reasons for these trends which are not directly related to health care provision. (6 marks)
- reduced birth rates
- improvements in housing
- improvement in diet
- better sanitation
- better water facilities
- migration (some areas only)
Ageing populations have a variety of implications and consequences in different countries. List five different social implications associated with Scotland’s increasing elderly population. (5 marks)
- increased pressure on families/carers to look after them, who may have their own jobs and families to look after
- inreased demand for carers
- increased demand for care/nursing homes
- more elderly people may cause a change in the housing market - as since many live alone, there may be an increased demand for one bedroom flats
- old people staying in work for longer may cause an increase in unemployment in the young
You ask Sadie to stop the ibuprofen because you are concerned about potential side-effects. Suggest three possible side-effects of Sadie’s use of ibuprofen which may concern you. (3 marks)
- nephrotoxic
- way worsen her hypertension
- cardiotoxic
Statistics show that 40% of carers care for their parents or parents-in-law. Being a carer may carry a significant financial impact, as well as other social, physical and mental implications. List four possible financial implications of being a carer. (4 marks)
- 1/3 of carers stated a loss of up to £20,000 in their household income in a year due to being a carer
- 1/3 of carers had to cut down on basic essentials such as food and heating
- 42% of carers stated that their financial situation was affecting their health
- 45% of carers said they MISSED OUT ON FINANCIAL SUPPORT ie benefits because the correct information wasn’t given to them
It is increasingly common for elderly patients with multimorbidity such as Sadie, to have Anticipatory Care Plans (ACPs). ACPs usually include legal, personal and medical issues. List two examples of legal issues which may be included in an Anticipatory Care Plan for ANY patient. (2 marks)
- welfare power of attorney
- financial power of attorney
- guardianship
List ten members of the community health and social care team who may be involved with Sandra’s care in her home AND give a short description of each of their roles in Sandra’s care. (20 marks)
- GP- day to day medical care
- dietician - advice on inproving appetite
- pharmacist- advise on medications
- GMED/NHS24- there for an emergency or exacerbation of pre-existing condition
- district nurse- dressings and management of pressure sores
- community geriatrician nurse - dicharge assessment
- occupational health- adaptation of living spaces to maximise indipendence
- social service- advise on benefits
- HOME CARER- practical tasks ie getting dressed
- PHYSIOTHERAPIST
