Yr 11- Semester 2 Exam (Cold War, Apartheid, Civil Rights)

Question 1

When did the Cold War start and end?

Answer 1

1945 (after the end of WWII) - 1991 (USSR is abolished)

Question 2

What was the Cold War? (define)

Answer 2

The Cold War refers to the struggle between the United States and the USSR, spanning from 1945-1991, that came about due to their two opposing ideologies.
It was a ‘cold war’ because there was no direct confrontation between the two powers, as there is in a hot war. Instead, conflicts were played out through third parties and allies (e.g. Vietnam War)

Question 3

What was the Marshall Plan?

Answer 3

The Marshall Plan was a plan devised in 1947 by the US Secretary of State, General George Marshall, to rebuild Western Europe and make it’s nations wealthy again in order to stop the spread of communism.
The belief was that the workers wouldn’t be attracted to communism if they had good jobs and were well paid in a democratic country.
The plan was extremely successful as it not only limited the spread of communism, but also established wealthy trade partners and political allies.

Question 4

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Answer 4

The Truman Doctrine, established in 1947, was a generous aid policy developed by US President Harry Truman. It promised financial support from the United States to any country that wanted to resist communism.

Question 5

Define communism.

Answer 5

Everybody is equal.
Under communism all trade and industry is owned by the state and operated on behalf of the people.
Everyone contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.

“One for all, and all for one”

Question 6

Define capitalism

Answer 6

Under capitalism, all the country’s trade and industry is owned by private firms or individuals, who run them for their own profit.

“Everyman for himself”