Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LMAP > Yr 1 > Flashcards

Yr 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What framework is used to assure high quality and ethically sound clinical research?

A

Research governance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the policy rainbow show?

A

The wider determinants of health (from middle to outside)

  1. Non-modifiable risk factors
  2. Individual lifestyle factors (e.g. exercise)
  3. Social community networks
  4. Living and working conditions
  5. General socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions like stigma + faith
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What contributes to socio-economic status?

A
  • occupation
  • income
  • education
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is prevalence?

A

the proportion of population with disease at given time point.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is incidence?

A

the rate of new cases of a disease occurring in a specific population over a particular period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is absolute risk?

A

the risk of developing the disease over a time period (baseline)
SO: the number of people with outcome/ total population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is relative risk?

A

absolute risk of exposed/ absolute risk of unexposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the sleep homeostat?

A
  1. Wakefulness
  2. Sleep debt
  3. Sleep to repay debt
    It tracks the intensity of our wakefulness to then alter the intensity of our sleep.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is sleep measured?

A

Polysomnography (looks at eye, muscle movements and brain wave)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the alcohol harm paradox?

A

Those with lower socioeconomic groups suffer more than affluent groups despite drinking ≤ as them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you calculate units of alcohol?

A

volume of alcohol x ABV (%) / 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stress-diathesis model?

A

Disorders arise as a combination of pre-disposition and life experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the poverty line?

A

the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a gig economy with zero hour contracts?

A

a labour market where organisation contract independent workers for temporary positions- > paid per delivery of service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give some examples of gig economy.

A
  • UBER

- Deliveroo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is universal credit for?

A

Protects people who are on low income. Helps with…

  • child tax credit
  • working tax credit
  • housing benefit
  • income support
17
Q

What is cognitive capacity/ bandwidth?

A

Fixed resource in brain that does all of our thinking and background processes -> the more background processes (e.g. background anxiety) that are going on, the less capacity there is to do the right thing/ make the right decisions.

18
Q

Write the causal pathway analysis describing how air quality can affect osteoporosis.

A

air pollution -> worsens asthma -> osteoporosis as ICS can weaken bone

19
Q

What are the wider determinants of health?

A
  • housing
  • occupation
  • finance/ economics
  • crimes
  • education
  • social support
20
Q

What is the 2 process sleep model?

A

Circadian process -> wake drive

Sleep homeostat -> sleep drive

21
Q

What is the difference between social isolation and loneliness?

A

Social isolation -> measure of connectedness
loneliness -> level of satisfaction with your
connections

22
Q

What are food deserts?

A

Places that have limited access to affordable nutritious food.

23
Q

What are macronutrients?

A
  • Carbs
  • Proteins
  • Fats
24
Q

What type of fat is harmful and found in processed food?

A

Trans fat -> causes inflammation, insulin resistance, LDLs

25
Q

What are the UK Chief Medical Officers’ guidelines for physical activity for adults and older adults?

A
  • 150 mins of moderate exercise a week

- 75 mins of vigorous exercise a week

26
Q

What is the evolutionary mismatch theory?

A

we are no longer hunter-gatherers that are constantly on the move- we lead more sedentary lifestyles. There is a mismatch between genetics and human environmental lifestyle.

27
Q

What kind of inflammatory state does a sedentary lifestyle promote?

A

pro-inflammatory

28
Q

What is the COM-B method for behavioural change?

A
  1. capability -> individual’s psychological (i.e. knowledge) + physical capacity to carry out an activity
  2. opportunity -> physical + social (doing it with others)
  3. motivation -> reflective (thoughts) + automatic (desire/impulse)
  4. BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE
29
Q

What is nudge theory?

A

Using our inherent need for positive feedback to stimulate behavioural change.

  • defaults -> opt in/out
  • feedback -> playing into emotions
  • social norms -> driven by our subconscious desire to fit in
30
Q

What are the 7 pillars of self care?

A

1) knowledge + health literacy
2) mental well-being
3) physical well-being
4) healthy eating
5) Risk avoidance (e.g. reducing alcohol, drugs, smoking)
6) good hygiene
7) rational use of products/ services (e.g. taking medications properly)

LMAP (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions