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1
Q

Can energy be created or destroyed

A

No

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2
Q

What is energy measured in

A

Joules

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3
Q

What must happen to an object for it to have higher gravitational potential energy

A

It must be higher up

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4
Q

Name some energy stores

A

Kinetic
Gravitation potential
Elastic potential
Thermal energy
Chemical

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5
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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6
Q

What does an increase in thermal energy do to the particles

A

Makes the move faster

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7
Q

What happens to energy in a closed system

A

None of it is lost to the surroundings

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8
Q

What happens to the energy when a trolley moves down a ramp

A

At the begging the trolley has a lot of gravitational potential energy and when it moves down the ramp the energy moves into the kinetic store

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9
Q

Where does energy loss go to

A

The surroundings

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10
Q

Why might energy transfer to the surroundings

A

Work done due to the air resistance or friction

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11
Q

How do we find the specific heat capacity of a material

A

We heat it up and measure the temp change

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12
Q

Describe the method for the specific heat capacity practical

A

Use an electric heater that slots into cylinders made of different metals
We turn the heater on, use the voltmeter to measure potential difference and an ammeter to measure to current
Multiply these values to get power
Use a balance to measure the mass of the block and use a timer and thermometer to measure how temp has increased within a certain time
Multiply power by time to get the energy that has gone into the block

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13
Q

What may happen during heating in the specific heat capacity practical

A

It may be transferred to the surroundings which means temp change will be less

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14
Q

What is power

A

The rate of energy transferred

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15
Q

What’s the unit for power

A

Watts

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16
Q

What is efficiency

A

The amount of energy that is going into a system is used usefully

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17
Q

Where can heat be lost if a house dosent have enough insulation

A

Walls
Windows
Doors

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18
Q

What are energy sources

A

Where we harness energy from in the world

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19
Q

What are finite or non renewable sources

A

They can only be used once and cannot be replaced

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20
Q

What are some example of finite resources

A

Fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
Gas

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21
Q

What do fossil fuels do

A

Burn to create heat in electrical power stations

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22
Q

What are some example of renewable resources

A

Wind power
Hydroelectric power
Solar panels
Geothermal

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23
Q

What do geothermal energy do

A

Water being pumped deep underground to be heated

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24
Q

What is electricity

A

The flow of charge

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25
What do electrons do
Carry energy from a source to a component where energy is released as another type of energy
26
What type of energy does a battery have
Chemical
27
What is movement of charge called
Current
28
What happens to electrons as they pass through a bulb
Their energy is turned to light
29
What is potential difference
Tell us how much energy is transferred per coulomb of electrons
30
What do we measure potential difference with
Voltmeter
31
Why do voltmeters get added last to a circuit
They connect in parallel to components you want to measure voltage with
32
What does current tell us
The rate of flow of charge
33
What do we measure current with
Ammeter
34
What must ammeters be in the circuit
In series which means they are in like with the component we want to measure the current for
35
What is resistance
The amount of stuff the components reject
36
When current flows through a resistor what does it produce
Heat
37
What does an increased in potential difference do
An increase in current flowing
38
What does a straight line of a fixed resistor show
Constant resistance
39
The steeper the gradient of the line….
The lower the resistance of the resistor
40
What does a filament lamp look like on the graph
A curved line
41
What does the curved line on the filament lamp show us
That resistance is changing Resistance of metal is increasing with higher pd and current
42
What happens to the current at higher potential differences
It gets less and less
43
Why does resistance change for a metal
Metals consist of a lattice surrounded by a sea of de localized electrons As they flow they collide with ions causing metal to heat up when a current is passed through it
44
The higher the current…
The more frequent collisions are which makes ions vibrate
45
What would happen to a resistor if the temperature increases
Resistance will stay constant
46
What does the diode graph look like
Straight and then curved line
47
What does a diode do
Only lets current flow through in one direction
48
What’s the practical for resistance
Measuring v and I on a length of metal wire connected to a circuit with crocodile clips to calculate resistance of the wire One clip can be moved further uo the wire to see how the length of the wire affects resistance
49
What happens in a series cictuit
Total pd is shared between components Current is same for all components Total resistance is sum of all resistances
50
The greater the resistance in a series circuit….
The greater the share of total pd it gets
51
What are the rules for parallel circuits
Pd is the same for every brach Current is shared between each branch The more resistors added in parallel the lower the total resistance because more current can flow
52
What happens to a thermistors resistance
It decreases if the temp increases
53
If temp increases what would happened to the resistance of the thermistor
It would go down same as the share of the total pd
54
What happens to the ldr if light intensity is increased
Resistance decreases
55
What is direct current
Current that only flows in one direction
56
What type of current is mains electricity
Alternating current
57
What is the voltage of the neutral wire
0v
58
What is the voltage of the live wire
230v
59
What does alternating pd cause
Alternating current at a frequency of 50 hz
60
What is the earth wire
A safety wire which is affected to metal appliances so if anything goes wrong with the other wires current will flow through into the ground
61
What is a fuse attached to
The live wire
62
What does a fuse do
Melts or blows if current exceeds a certain number of amps
63
What do transformers do
Reduce energy loss
64
What does a step up stransformer do
Increases transmission voltage
65
What does a step down transformer do
Reduces voltage down to a safe amount
66
What does density tell us
How compact mass is for a material
67
How do we measure the density of an object
Use a top pan balance to measure mass of object Find length of each side
68
Method for eureka practical
Measure the mass of object Full displacement can up to spout Use string to submerge object wait til all water is displaced into a beaker Pour water into measuring cylinder to measure volume
69
Can solids and liquids be compressed
No
70
What is internal energy
The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in a substance
71
What did jj Thomson discover
Atoms are made up of positive and negative charges which is the plum pudding model
72
What is the bottom number on the periodic table
Atomic number
73
What are isotopes
Atoms of the same element wktj different neutrons
74
How are gamma rays dangerous
They can ionize other atoms
75
What is the alpha decay number
A with 4 on top and 2 on the bottom
76
What is the numbers for beta radiation
E with 0 on top and -1 on bottom
77
What can alpha radiation be stopped by
Sheet of paper
78
What can beta be stopped by
Block of aluminum
79
What can gamma be stopped by
Skin

Physics Paper 1 (2 decks)

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