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Physics Paper 1 > Youtube > Flashcards

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1
Q

Can energy be created or destroyed

A

No

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2
Q

What is energy measured in

A

Joules

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3
Q

What must happen to an object for it to have higher gravitational potential energy

A

It must be higher up

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4
Q

Name some energy stores

A

Kinetic
Gravitation potential
Elastic potential
Thermal energy
Chemical

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5
Q

What is specific heat capacity

A

Amount of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

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6
Q

What does an increase in thermal energy do to the particles

A

Makes the move faster

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7
Q

What happens to energy in a closed system

A

None of it is lost to the surroundings

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8
Q

What happens to the energy when a trolley moves down a ramp

A

At the begging the trolley has a lot of gravitational potential energy and when it moves down the ramp the energy moves into the kinetic store

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9
Q

Where does energy loss go to

A

The surroundings

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10
Q

Why might energy transfer to the surroundings

A

Work done due to the air resistance or friction

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11
Q

How do we find the specific heat capacity of a material

A

We heat it up and measure the temp change

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12
Q

Describe the method for the specific heat capacity practical

A

Use an electric heater that slots into cylinders made of different metals
We turn the heater on, use the voltmeter to measure potential difference and an ammeter to measure to current
Multiply these values to get power
Use a balance to measure the mass of the block and use a timer and thermometer to measure how temp has increased within a certain time
Multiply power by time to get the energy that has gone into the block

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13
Q

What may happen during heating in the specific heat capacity practical

A

It may be transferred to the surroundings which means temp change will be less

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14
Q

What is power

A

The rate of energy transferred

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15
Q

What’s the unit for power

A

Watts

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16
Q

What is efficiency

A

The amount of energy that is going into a system is used usefully

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17
Q

Where can heat be lost if a house dosent have enough insulation

A

Walls
Windows
Doors

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18
Q

What are energy sources

A

Where we harness energy from in the world

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19
Q

What are finite or non renewable sources

A

They can only be used once and cannot be replaced

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20
Q

What are some example of finite resources

A

Fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
Gas

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21
Q

What do fossil fuels do

A

Burn to create heat in electrical power stations

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22
Q

What are some example of renewable resources

A

Wind power
Hydroelectric power
Solar panels
Geothermal

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23
Q

What do geothermal energy do

A

Water being pumped deep underground to be heated

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24
Q

What is electricity

A

The flow of charge

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25
Q

What do electrons do

A

Carry energy from a source to a component where energy is released as another type of energy

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26
Q

What type of energy does a battery have

A

Chemical

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27
Q

What is movement of charge called

A

Current

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28
Q

What happens to electrons as they pass through a bulb

A

Their energy is turned to light

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29
Q

What is potential difference

A

Tell us how much energy is transferred per coulomb of electrons

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30
Q

What do we measure potential difference with

A

Voltmeter

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31
Q

Why do voltmeters get added last to a circuit

A

They connect in parallel to components you want to measure voltage with

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32
Q

What does current tell us

A

The rate of flow of charge

33
Q

What do we measure current with

A

Ammeter

34
Q

What must ammeters be in the circuit

A

In series which means they are in like with the component we want to measure the current for

35
Q

What is resistance

A

The amount of stuff the components reject

36
Q

When current flows through a resistor what does it produce

A

Heat

37
Q

What does an increased in potential difference do

A

An increase in current flowing

38
Q

What does a straight line of a fixed resistor show

A

Constant resistance

39
Q

The steeper the gradient of the line….

A

The lower the resistance of the resistor

40
Q

What does a filament lamp look like on the graph

A

A curved line

41
Q

What does the curved line on the filament lamp show us

A

That resistance is changing
Resistance of metal is increasing with higher pd and current

42
Q

What happens to the current at higher potential differences

A

It gets less and less

43
Q

Why does resistance change for a metal

A

Metals consist of a lattice surrounded by a sea of de localized electrons
As they flow they collide with ions causing metal to heat up when a current is passed through it

44
Q

The higher the current…

A

The more frequent collisions are which makes ions vibrate

45
Q

What would happen to a resistor if the temperature increases

A

Resistance will stay constant

46
Q

What does the diode graph look like

A

Straight and then curved line

47
Q

What does a diode do

A

Only lets current flow through in one direction

48
Q

What’s the practical for resistance

A

Measuring v and I on a length of metal wire connected to a circuit with crocodile clips to calculate resistance of the wire
One clip can be moved further uo the wire to see how the length of the wire affects resistance

49
Q

What happens in a series cictuit

A

Total pd is shared between components
Current is same for all components
Total resistance is sum of all resistances

50
Q

The greater the resistance in a series circuit….

A

The greater the share of total pd it gets

51
Q

What are the rules for parallel circuits

A

Pd is the same for every brach
Current is shared between each branch
The more resistors added in parallel the lower the total resistance because more current can flow

52
Q

What happens to a thermistors resistance

A

It decreases if the temp increases

53
Q

If temp increases what would happened to the resistance of the thermistor

A

It would go down same as the share of the total pd

54
Q

What happens to the ldr if light intensity is increased

A

Resistance decreases

55
Q

What is direct current

A

Current that only flows in one direction

56
Q

What type of current is mains electricity

A

Alternating current

57
Q

What is the voltage of the neutral wire

A

0v

58
Q

What is the voltage of the live wire

A

230v

59
Q

What does alternating pd cause

A

Alternating current at a frequency of 50 hz

60
Q

What is the earth wire

A

A safety wire which is affected to metal appliances so if anything goes wrong with the other wires current will flow through into the ground

61
Q

What is a fuse attached to

A

The live wire

62
Q

What does a fuse do

A

Melts or blows if current exceeds a certain number of amps

63
Q

What do transformers do

A

Reduce energy loss

64
Q

What does a step up stransformer do

A

Increases transmission voltage

65
Q

What does a step down transformer do

A

Reduces voltage down to a safe amount

66
Q

What does density tell us

A

How compact mass is for a material

67
Q

How do we measure the density of an object

A

Use a top pan balance to measure mass of object
Find length of each side

68
Q

Method for eureka practical

A

Measure the mass of object
Full displacement can up to spout
Use string to submerge object wait til all water is displaced into a beaker
Pour water into measuring cylinder to measure volume

69
Q

Can solids and liquids be compressed

A

No

70
Q

What is internal energy

A

The sum of kinetic energy and potential energy of all particles in a substance

71
Q

What did jj Thomson discover

A

Atoms are made up of positive and negative charges which is the plum pudding model

72
Q

What is the bottom number on the periodic table

A

Atomic number

73
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element wktj different neutrons

74
Q

How are gamma rays dangerous

A

They can ionize other atoms

75
Q

What is the alpha decay number

A

A with 4 on top and 2 on the bottom

76
Q

What is the numbers for beta radiation

A

E with 0 on top and -1 on bottom

77
Q

What can alpha radiation be stopped by

A

Sheet of paper

78
Q

What can beta be stopped by

A

Block of aluminum

79
Q

What can gamma be stopped by

A

Skin

Physics Paper 1 (2 decks)

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