Youth Culture

Question 1

Parsons (functionalism)

Answer 1

Bridging the gap - Youth is a prolonged rite of passage, because our society is more complex. Youth culture bridges childhood and adulthood. Evaluation not everyone transitions into adulthood

Question 2

Eisenstadt (functionalism)

Answer 2

Youth culture is to help us through stress. Ascribed to achieved status. Learn to deal with stress by talking to friends. Evaluation - Doesn’t include NEETS (not in employment, education or training)

Question 3

Albert Cohen (Functionalism)

Answer 3

Status frustration - Working class white boys lack status through grades so they are deviant. Evaluation malestream

Question 4

Brake (marxism)

Answer 4

Hegemony - Where the ruling class force there ideas on you
Magical Solutions - Young people think there making a difference by being rebelious (spectacular subculture) Evaluation - Young people lead social change

Question 5

Phil Cohen (marxism)

Answer 5

Skinheads - Shaved head, workboots, braces, polo shirt, rolled jeans, hypermasculine and racist. Resisting immigration and capitalism
Evaluation - Romanticised racism

Question 6

Hall and Jeffersons (marxism)

Answer 6

Teddy Boys - Edwardian style, D.A hair, creepers, rock and roll and blues. Mocking social superiors.
Evaluation - racist, problematic, agressive and malestream

Question 7

McRobbie (feminism)

Answer 7

Girls socialise in their bedrooms, saftey concerns lead to tougher social control. Therefore girls are absent from Youth culture. Evaluation - due to internet girls can take part in youth culture.

Question 8

Osgerby (Feminism)

Answer 8

Lad culture - Girls face unfair discomfort. In the 50s it became cool for guys to be rude to girls e.g slut shaming. Girls became absent from youth culture. Evaluation - NUS backed the study 67% recieved unwanted attention

Question 9

Archer (Feminism)

Answer 9

Girls in gangs - Secondary research why do they join? She argued for empowerment. Riot Grrrls - Anti-man, empowerment, punky group and feminist. Evaluation - McRobbie argued they joined due to fear

Question 10

Key words from Interactionism

Answer 10

Master status, self fulfilling prophecy, deviance amplification, moral panic, labelling, sensationalisation and marginalisation

Question 11

Stanley Cohen (interactionism)

Answer 11

Mods and Rockers - Fight at Brighton beach on a bank holiday, media sensationlised and predicted future conflicted which created a moral panic and this created deviance amplification. Evaluation - still fought in the first place

Question 12

Jock Young (interactionism)

Answer 12

Hippies - Associated with weed and peace. Media and police labled as druggies this then made them be associated with hard drug users which then marginalised them which means they started using hard drug users. Hard to get jobs plus targeted by police. Evaluation - weed was deviant

Question 13

Fawbert (interactionism)

Answer 13

Some crime took place by ppl wearing hoodies. Media reported a hoodie as a criminal subculture. Bluewater banned it - more reports. Other places banned hoodies. Evaluation - Sales increased

Question 14

Master status

Answer 14

When someone accepts a label they have been given, above their other labels.

Question 15

Moral Panic

Answer 15

When people unnecessarily worried about something due to the media making it sound much worse

Question 16

Deviance amplification spiral

Answer 16

When an act of deviance is over-reported and as a result more deviance happens

Question 17

Self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 17

When someone accepts a label and becoming it

Question 18

Labelling

Answer 18

The process of catergorizing somone based on characteristics

Question 19

Sensationalise

Answer 19

When the media makes something sound more exciting then it is

Question 20

Marginalisation

Answer 20

When someone/group are pushed to the fringes of society because the rest of people don’t agree with them

Question 21

Moral Entrepreneurs

Answer 21

When someone makes statements to try and get others to agree with them norally about something

Question 22

Bennet (postmodernism)

Answer 22

Neo-tribes - Observed different groups of people hanging together. We bond over interests not values, groups are fluid not fixed.

Question 23

Evaluation of bennet

Answer 23

Alcohol plus drugs deviant?

Question 24

Luke and Luke (postmodernism)

Answer 24

Cultural hybridity and globalisation - youth culture is a mix between cultures due to technology

Question 25

Luke and luke evaluation

Answer 25

Cultural appropriation

Question 26

Katz and Lyng (postmodernism)

Answer 26

Edgework - young people like to identify as deviant

Question 27

Katz and Lyng evaluation

Answer 27

Maybe they are accepting a label

Question 28

Albert Cohen (ethnicity + subcultural functionalist)

Answer 28

Gang and youth cultures were formed by young males who lacked social status. Thus is known as status frustration

Question 29

Phil Cohen (ethnicity and subcultural neo marxist)

Answer 29

Black and minority ethnic groups were the victims of violence from white nationalist skinheads. Phil cohen was these white males deviance as a resistance to capitalism

Question 30

Hall et al (ethnicity and neo marxist)

Answer 30

Black muggers - this term was coined after media reports in the 1970s portrayed black males as street crimins. For Hall et al. Thus was an attempt to distract society from the problems with capitalism

Question 31

Gillborn (ethnicity and intractionism)

Answer 31

Black boys are treated more harshly by teachers who discriminated against them. This is why they formed subcultures. This led to more conflict.

Question 32

Evaluations of ethnicity

Answer 32

Postmodenists reject that specific ethic groups form subcultures today. Functionalist reject the idea that youth culture is divided

Question 33

Nayyar (nationality)

Answer 33

Othering - building identites based in what we are not. Nayyar argues that this js enforced in areas where white youth see britishness as under threat.

Question 34

Modood (nationality)

Answer 34

Young white youth are targetted by racist political groups looking for new recruits. This way, despite groups with Pakistani/Bangladeshi origins being paid 2/3 less than white males, white youths still see themselves ws victims of poverty and deprivation

Question 35

Kellas (Nationality)

Answer 35

Many welsh youth cultures are inclusive of migrants so long as they make some effort to speak their languages.