You and your genes

Question 1

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of most cells

Question 2

Where is DNA found?

Answer 2

In chromosomes

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A section of DNA with the genetic code for making a particular protein

Question 4

Where are structural proteins found?

Answer 4

In muscles/hair

Question 5

What are the two proteins that genes are responsible for making?

Answer 5

Structural proteins & enzymes

Question 6

How many pairs of chromosomes does each human body cell contain?

Answer 6

23

Question 7

How do parents pass their genes onto their offspring?

Answer 7

Through their sex cells

Question 8

What are the different versions of a gene called?

Answer 8

Alleles

Question 9

Do sex cells contain 1 or 2 chromosomes?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

When an egg and sperm cell join together, how many chromosomes does the fertilized egg contain?

Answer 10

23, one chromosome from each pair comes from the mother, one from the father (which we get is random)

Question 11

Which gender receives XX chromosomes?

Answer 11

Females

Question 12

Which gender receives XY chromosomes?

Answer 12

Males

Question 13

What determines the gender of a human baby?

Answer 13

Whether the sperm carries an X or Y chromosone

Question 14

How can people of some societies CHOOSE the gender of their child?

Answer 14

Through IVF fertility treatment

Question 15

What are the ethical issues with choosing the gender of your child?

Answer 15

Effects the balance of genders in society/some think we shouldn’t be able to choose

Question 16

What are the ethical issues with choosing the gender of your child?

Answer 16

Effects the balance of genders in society/some believe is is against God or nature

Question 17

What does SRY stand for?

Answer 17

Sex-determining Region Y

Question 18

What does the SRY gene do?

Answer 18

Causes testes to develop into an XY embryo

Question 19

What are androgens?

Answer 19

Male sex hormones (without these, the embryo develops into a female)

Question 20

What does the term ‘variation’ refer to?

Answer 20

The difference in individuals of the same species

Question 21

What factors does genetic variation affect?

Answer 21

Eye colour/height etc

Question 22

What factors does environmental variation affect?

Answer 22

Scars/climate etc

Question 23

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 23

Shows is an individual has two copies of it, eg the allele for blue eyes (you need both copies)

Question 24

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 24

Always shows even if the individual only has one copy, eg the allele for brown eyes (you only need one copy)

Question 25

What is an example ‘carrier’?

Answer 25

Someone with a gene for both brown and blue eyes could still pass down the blue eye gene, even though they have the dominant brown eye gene

Question 26

What kind of allele causes Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 26

Recessive

Question 27

What are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 27

Thick, sticky mucus in their lungs and airways

Question 28

What kind of allele causes Huntington’s disorder?

Answer 28

Dominant

Question 29

What are the symptoms of Huntington’s disorder?

Answer 29

Problems with controlling your muscles/forgetfulness

Question 30

What is an example of a ‘carrier’?

Answer 30

Someone with a gene for both brown and blue eyes could still pass down the blue eye gene, even though they have the dominant brown eye gene