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The philosophical study of morality
Ethics or Moral philosophy
Beliefs concerning right and wrong, good and bad; They can include judgments, values, rules, principles, and theories
Morality
the scientific study of moral beliefs and practices
Descriptive ethics
the study of principles, rules or theories that guide our actions and judgments
Normative ethics
The study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs
Metaethics
The application of moral norms to specific moral issues or cases, particularly those in a profession such as medicine or law
Applied ethics
Valuable as a means to something else
Instrumentally (or extrinsically) valuable
Valuable for its own sake
Intrinsically valuable
The theory that moral truths exist and that they do so independently of what individuals or societies think of them
Objectivism
the view that an action is morally right if ones culture approves of it
Cultural relativism
the view that an action is morally right if one approves of it
Subjective relativism
The view that moral utterances are neither true nor false but are expressions of emotions or attitudes
Emotivism
An assertion that something is or is not the case
Statement
A group of statements, one of which is supposed to be supported by the rest
Argument
A supporting statement in an argument
Premise
The statement supported in an argument
Conclusion
Terms that often appear in arguments to signal the presence or a premise or conclusion, or to indicate that an argument is deductive or inductive
Indicator words
an argument that is supposed to give logically conclusive support to its concern
Deductive argument
An argument that is supposed to offer probable support to its conclusion
Inductive argument
A deductive argument that does in fact provide logically conclusive support for its concern
Valid argument
A deductive argument that does not offer logically conclusive support for the concern
Invalid argument
An inductive argument that does in fact provide probable support for its conclusion
Strong argument
An inductive argument that does not give probable support to the conclusion
Weak argument
A strong argument with true premises
Cogent argument