yes Flashcards
Operational definitions
exact experimental procedures so the experiment can be replicated
double-blind
where both subjects and staff are unaware of which group has the placebo (sugar pill) and which has the treatment (their Vitamin D)
single-blinds
either the participants do not know the treatment they are receiving or the researchers do not know the treatment being given to participants
independent variable
The variable that affects the dependent variable.(types of flashcards)
dependent variable
The variable dependent on the manipulation of the independent variable (test scores)
confounding variable
a variable that affect other variables in a way that produces spurious or distorted associations between two variables.
control variables
a variable that is kept the same during a scientific experiment to reduce confounding variables.
Sampling Bias
when some members of the intended
population are less likely to be included in the sample compared to others
Social Desirability Bias
The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favourably by others.
Experimenter Bias
A process where the scientists performing the research
influence the results, either consciously or unconsciously, to portray a certain outcome
Correlation study
a type of research design where a researcher seeks to understand what kind of relationships naturally occurring variables have with one another. A relationship between how much time people spend on social media and how lonely they feel.
Meta-analysis
Statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies, providing a more precise estimate
of the effect size based on increased power and resolution
Bar graph vs histogram
Bar graphs: a bar graph with gaps representing categories and numerical values
Histogram: a bar graph with no gaps depicting frequency distribution (all numerical)
regression towards the mean
the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement,
it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement
correlation coefficient
measures how strong a relationship is
between two variables, ranging from -1 to 1 to represent the correlation
bimodal frequency distribution
dataset that contains two peaks
Standard Deviation
a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean
the average anxiety score was 50 with a standard deviation of 10. This means most students’ anxiety scores were within 10 points of the average, either higher or lower
informed assent
a person, typically a minor or someone unable to give legal consent, agrees to participate in a research study after having the study adequately explained to them
Psychodynamic perspective
based on a belief that the past will dictate the future
Cognitive perspective
focuses on how internal thoughts and feelings influence one’s behaviour.
Behavioural perspective
environment shapes human behaviour.
humanistic perspective
basic human needs of an individual and how important they really are to the overall happiness of that person
Biological perspective
a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis for animal and human behaviour.
social-cultural perspective
considers the way that different individuals interact with their social groups and how these social groups influence different individuals and how they develop throughout their lives.
