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Global Studies Term 2 & 3 > yes > Flashcards

yes Flashcards

yes

1
Q

Islam

A

Submission to the will of Allah.

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2
Q

Qur’an

A

Holy book of Islam.

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3
Q

Shari’a

A

Islamic system of law.

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4
Q

Hajj

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca.

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5
Q

Caliph

A

A title meaning “successor” or “deputy.”

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6
Q

Jihad

A

Means “striving”; can refer to an inner struggle or an armed struggle.

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6
Q

Sunni

A

Followers of Muhammad’s example who accepted the Umayyads’ rule. (Malaysia)

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7
Q

Shi’a

A

Party of Ali, believed the caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad.

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8
Q

Calligraphy

A

Art of beautiful handwriting.

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9
Q

Algebra

A

A branch of mathematics introduced by Al-Khwarizmi.

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10
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

A grand church built by Justinian, symbolizing the link between church and state.

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11
Q

Justinian Code

A

A collection of laws that streamlined and updated Roman legal principles.

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12
Q

Varangians

A

Viking adventurers who settled among the Slavs and founded Russian cities.

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12
Q

Nika Rebellion

A

A major revolt against Justinian, quelled by his general Belisarius.

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13
Q

Iconoclasm

A

The rejection and destruction of religious images and icons.

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14
Q

Kiev

A

Important trade city and early Russian state.

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15
Q

Abbasids

A

Islamic caliphate that ruled from the eighth century until weakened by internal and external forces.

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16
Q

Seljuks

A

Turkish group that rose to power in the tenth century, known for their military prowess and cultural integration with Persians.

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17
Q

Mongols

A

Nomadic conquerors from Central Asia who created the largest contiguous land empire in history under Genghis Khan.

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18
Q

Crusades

A

Series of religious wars initiated by Western Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

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19
Q

Song Dynasty

A

Followed the Tang, known for stability and prosperity despite losing northern territories.

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20
Q

Civil Service Examinations:

A

System to select scholar-officials, revived by the Tang.

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21
Q

Steppe

A

The vast grassland region of Eurasia.

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22
Q

Pastoralists

A

Nomadic people who herd domesticated animals.

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23
Q

Genghis Khan

A

The title adopted by Temujin, meaning “universal ruler.”

24
Q

Pax Mongolica

A

The period of Mongol peace and stability across Eurasia.

25
Q

Yuan Dynasty

A

Mongol dynasty in China established by Kublai Khan.

26
Q

Ming Dynasty

A

Chinese dynasty that overthrew the Mongols in 1368, succeeding the Yuan Dynasty.

27
Q

Golden Horde

A

Mongol khanate ruling over Russia until 1480.

28
Q

Shinto

A

Early Japanese religion based on nature worship and reverence for ancestors.

29
Q

Heian Period

A

Era in Japanese history (794-1185) marked by a refined court society.

30
Q

Franks

A

A Germanic tribe that inhabited the region of Gaul (modern-day France) during the early Middle Ages and played a significant role in the formation of the Carolingian Empire.

30
Q

Bushido

A

Code of conduct followed by samurai warriors, emphasizing honor and courage.

31
Q

Shogun

A

Military dictator of Japan, holding real power during the feudal era.

32
Q

monastery

A

A secluded community of monks or nuns, where individuals devoted their lives to religious practices, study, and manual labor, often under the rule of an abbot or abbess.

33
Q

Carolingian Dynasty

A

A ruling family that emerged in the Frankish kingdom during the 8th century, named after its most prominent figure, Charlemagne, who became the first Holy Roman Emperor.

34
Q

secular

A

Pertaining to worldly or non-religious matters, as opposed to spiritual or ecclesiastical concerns.

35
Q

lord

A

A noble landowner who granted land (fief) to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service.

36
Q

fief

A

A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for the vassal’s loyalty and military service.

37
Q

vassal

A

A person who held land (a fief) from a lord in exchange for loyalty and military service.

38
Q

knight

A

A mounted warrior in medieval Europe who pledged military service to a lord in exchange for land.

38
Q

tournament

A

A medieval contest of skill and prowess between knights, often including jousting, swordplay, and other martial arts.

39
Q

serf

A

A peasant who was legally bound to the land they worked and subject to the control of the lord.

40
Q

chivalry

A

The medieval code of conduct observed by knights, emphasising qualities such as honour, courage, courtesy, and loyalty.

41
Q

troubadour

A

A medieval poet-musician who composed and performed songs, often about chivalry, courtly love, and heroic deeds.

42
Q

Clergy

A

The body of ordained religious officials, including priests, bishops, and other church leaders.

43
Q

lay investiture

A

The practice of secular rulers appointing church officials, such as bishops, which was a source of conflict between secular and ecclesiastical powers during the Middle Ages.

44
Q

sacrament

A

A religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace, such as baptism or the Eucharist.

45
Q

canon law

A

The body of laws and regulations governing the Christian Church, based on religious teachings and ecclesiastical authority.

46
Q

simony

A

The buying or selling of sacred or spiritual things, such as church offices or pardons.

47
Q

Reconquista

A

The long-term Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim control, culminating in the fall of Granada in 1492.

48
Q

Inquisition

A

A series of ecclesiastical tribunals established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and enforce religious orthodoxy.

49
Q

three-field system

A

An agricultural system introduced in medieval Europe, involving the rotation of three fields to maximise agricultural productivity.

50
Q

guild

A

An association of craftsmen or merchants in medieval towns, organised to regulate trade, training, and standards of craftsmanship.

51
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

The expansion of trade, commerce, and economic activity in medieval Europe, leading to the growth of towns and the emergence of a money-based economy.

52
Q

Magna Carta

A

A charter of liberties granted by King John of England in 1215, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights for subjects.

53
Q

parliament

A

A legislative body in England, consisting of representatives from different social classes, which evolved over time to become a check on royal authority.

54
Q

Great Schism

A

A split within the Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, during which there were two, and at times three, claimants to the papacy.

55
Q

bubonic plague

A

A deadly epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted through fleas infesting rats, which devastated Europe in the 14th century, resulting in millions of deaths

56
Q

Hundred Years’ War

A

A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453, primarily over territorial claims and the English monarch’s attempts to control French territories.

Global Studies Term 2 & 3 (1 decks)

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