Yes

Question 1

Why do organisms require water

Answer 1

Transport
Good solvent

Question 2

Type of bond found between amino acids in a protein

Answer 2

Peptide

Question 3

Structural role of protein

Answer 3

Keratin hair

Question 4

Reagent used to detect reducing sugar

Answer 4

Benedict’s solution

Question 5

Role of a named mineral required by plants

Answer 5

Potassium
Protein synthesis

Question 6

Name the group of biomolecules formed when a phosphate group replaces a fatty acid in a triglyceride.

Answer 6

Phospholipid

Question 7

What is the importance of recycling elements such as nitrogen and carbon in an ecosystem?

Answer 7

It is important to recycle and continuously replenish nutrients into the environment for life to exist.

Question 8

Name the processes that take place at A and B on the diagram above.

Answer 8

A-denitrification
B-death and decay

Question 9

Legumes have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Explain the underlined term.

Answer 9

Relationship between 2 organisms of different species that live in close association to the benefit of both organisms

Question 10

Name a type of bacteria, other than nitrogen-fixing bacteria, that play a role in the nitrogen cycle.

Answer 10

Nitrifying

Question 11

The carbon cycle also occurs in nature.
State a biological similarity between the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle.

Answer 11

Both carbon and nitrogen cycle are types of biogeochemical cycles and tend to liberate elements from their cycles.

Question 12

Name a human activity that is having a negative impact on the carbon cycle.

Answer 12

Burning fossil fuels

Question 13

Cells can be classified into two main types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic.
Give two features of eukaryotic cells that distinguish them from prokaryotic cells.

Answer 13

Have a nucleus
Much larger

Question 14

The cell membrane is described as being selectively permeable.
Explain the underlined term.

Answer 14

membrane that allows only some substances and molecules to pass into or leave the cell.

Question 15

Suggest an advantage to a cell of having a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 15

assists in the regulation of material movements in a cell.

Question 16

Diffusion is a process by which molecules can move through cell membranes.
Explain the term diffusion.

Answer 16

the movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 17

Why can diffusion also be referred to as passive transport?

Answer 17

it does not require energy

Question 18

Name one other process by which molecules can move through cell membranes

Answer 18

Osmosis

Question 19

Variation

Answer 19

Individuals of a species have similar characteristics but they are rarely identical, the difference between them is called variation

Question 20

Cause of variation

Answer 20

changes to chromosomes or genes (DNA)

Question 21

Evolution

Answer 21

the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Question 22

Briefly explain the role of natural selection in evolution.

Answer 22

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

Question 23

what is meant by the term species?

Answer 23

a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring

Question 24

Causes of extinction

Answer 24

overhunting
Pollution

Question 25

Draw a large labelled diagram of the human female reproductive system. Your diagram should include at least six labels.

Answer 25

.

Question 26

Following fertilisation, name the structure formed after the zygote divides by mitosis.

Answer 26

Embryo

Question 27

Approximately 5 days after fertilisation, the structure referred to in 1 develops into a hollow ball of cells. What word describes this hollow of cells?

Answer 27

Blastocyst

Question 28

What important structure develops from the outer layer of this ball of

Answer 28

trophoblast

Question 29

As a human embryo develops, it organises into three primary germ layers. From which germ layer do each of the following develop? 1. Skeleton and muscles 2. Lining of lungs and gut 3. Skin and nails.

Answer 29

1. Mesoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Ectoderm

Question 30

Give the precise location of each of the following in a flowering plant: Production of pollen grains Fertilisation.

Answer 30

Stamen Ovary

Question 31

Outline the role of meiosis and mitosis in the formation of pollen grains. hat is double fertilisation?

Answer 31

Meiosis-to produce four haploid microspores Mitosis-The nucleus of each microspore then divides by mitosis to form a two-celled organism the pollen grain

Question 32

What is double fertilisation

Answer 32

one female gamete unites with two male gametes

Question 33

During fertilisation the pollen tube grows towards substances release from ovule. This is an example of what type of tropism?

Answer 33

Chemotropism

Question 34

After fertilisation what does the ovary of flower become

Answer 34

A fruit

Question 35

identify cell A, cell B and C in the above image of blood cells.

Answer 35

A-white blood cell B-red blood cell C-plasma

Question 36

Why is blood a tissue

Answer 36

because it is a collection of similar specialized cells that serve particular functions

Question 37

Name two substances, other than blood cells, oxygen and carbon dioxide, that are transported in the blood.

Answer 37

Nutrients and hormones

Question 38

Where precisely in the human body are red blood cells produced?

Answer 38

Bone marrow

Question 39

Blood disorder

Answer 39

Anemia

Question 40

X and y vegetative propegatiin

Answer 40

X-tuber Y-runner

Question 41

From which part of the plant is structure X modified?

Answer 41

Roots

Question 42

Name the structure formed when vegetative propagation takes place in a bud

Answer 42

Rhizome

Question 43

Which part of a plant is modified to form a plantlet?

Question 44

Propagated plants are genetically identical to each other and to the parent plant. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of propagated plants being genetically identical to one another.

Answer 44

Advantage-maintaining the exact genetic characteristics of the parent plant. Disadvantage-lack of genetic variation

Question 45

Give two methods of artificial vegetative propagation and state one of its benefits.

Answer 45

Tissue culture-The plants can be grown throughout the year, irrespective of the season. Cutting

Question 46

Distinguish between the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.

Answer 46

The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body

Question 47

Name a tissue that protects the central nervous system.

Answer 47

Meninges

Question 48

What is the general name given to the nerve pathway shown in the diagram?

Answer 48

Spinal chord

Question 49

Name the type of nerves labelled A, B and C. (iii) State two structural differences between A and C.

Answer 49

A-motor neuron B-interneuron C-sensory neuron Sensory neurons have dendrites on both ends and are connected by a long axon that has a cell body in the middle. Motor neurons have a cell body on one end and dendrites on the other end, with a long axon in the middle.

Question 50

How many synapses

Answer 50

3

Question 51

What word is used to describe the chemicals which are released at a synapse?

Answer 51

Neurotransmitter

Question 52

The spinal cord contains white matter and grey matter. Give one other difference between them.

Answer 52

The tissue called "gray matter", and is made up of cell bodies. "White matter", is composed of nerve fibers.

Question 53

What is a hormone?

Answer 53

One of many substances made by glands in the body

Question 54

Give one way in which a hormonal response differs from a nervous response

Answer 54

Nervous is faster

Question 55

Outline the role of insulin in the human body.

Answer 55

regulate the body's energy supply by balancing micronutrient levels

Question 56

Where precisely in the human body is insulin produced?

Answer 56

Pancreas

Question 57

Describe what happens if the body experiences an insulin deficiency

Answer 57

results in hyperglycaemia.

Question 58

Describe how a negative feedback mechanism works in the animal horn onal system

Answer 58

-Low levels of thyroxine cause the pituitary gland to produce TSH. -This causes more thyroxine to be produced in the thyroid. -If thyroxine levels are normal, TSH is not produced

Question 59

What type of acids are dna and rna

Answer 59

Nucleic

Question 60

What type of bases are thymine and cytosine

Answer 60

Pyrimidines

Question 61

What type of chemical substances are ribose amd deoxyribose

Answer 61

Monosaccharides

Question 62

A B C ear

Answer 62

A cochlea B Eustachian tube C ear drum

Question 63

Function B D

Answer 63

B Pressure equalisation D relay the vibrations of the incoming soundwaves produced by the eardrum to the incus.

Question 64

Which two labelled parts of the ear are involved in generating nerve impulsps

Answer 64

A E

Question 65

(v) State a function of the ear besides hearing and name the part of the ear involved.

Answer 65

Balance Semicircular canals

Question 66

Name the part of the eye that has a similar function to the part labelled F of the ear.

Answer 66

Optic nerve

Question 67

Protect ear health

Answer 67

Turn volume down

Question 68

The first stage in respiration does not involve oxygen, but it can take place whether oxygen is present or not. 1. 2. What is the first stage of respiration called?

Answer 68

Glycolysis

Question 69

Location glycolysis takes place

Answer 69

Cytoplasm

Question 70

Name the intermediate 3-carbon compound formed at the end of the first stage.

Answer 70

Pyruvate

Question 71

In second stage, which cell organelle does the 3-carbon intermediate compound move into?

Answer 71

Mitochondria

Question 72

Compound that enters Krebs cycle

Answer 72

Acetyl Co a

Question 73

3 products of krebs

Answer 73

2 co2 3 nadh ATP or gtp

Question 74

Fate of 2 products

Answer 74

CO2-waste gas Nadh-The end result is loads of energy, approximately 34 ATP

Question 75

True or false

Answer 75

T F T F T T F

Question 76

Thymine

Answer 76

Cytosine

Question 77

Type of bonding

Answer 77

Hydrogen

Question 78

Prepare plant tissue for use

Answer 78

Chop up onion Add salt to onion in a beaker This clumps dna together

Question 79

Why washing up liquid

Answer 79

Breaks down cell membrane and releases dna

Question 80

Why was sodium chloride added

Answer 80

Clumps dna together

Question 81

Why did u blend for min 3 seconds

Answer 81

Breaks down cell wall and releases dna Blending for longer will damage dna

Question 82

Why protease

Answer 82

Breaks down proteins that surround dna

Question 83

Purpose of ethanol

Answer 83

Makes the dna precipitate out of solution

Question 84

Appearance of isolated dna

Answer 84

White stringy

Question 85

Aerobic and anaerobic

Answer 85

Aerobic means 'with air' and refers to the body producing energy with the use of oxygen Anaerobic means 'without air' and refers to the body producing energy without oxygen.

Question 86

Why stain cells

Answer 86

To clearly see cells

Question 87

Name stain

Answer 87

Methylene blue

Question 88

Presence of ethanol

Answer 88

Iodoform test

Question 89

What result indicated presence

Answer 89

Yellow crystals