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Yearly Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and (Turkey?)

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2
Q

What is the Triple Entente?

A

France, Great Britain and Russia (Belgium, colonies USA?)

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3
Q

What is the Entente Cordiale?

A

‘Friendly agreement’ between Great Britain and France. Both needed Sudan, almost war, entente Cordiale 1904

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4
Q

What is the Arms/Naval Race?

A
  • 1906-1914

- Race to build more and better warships (GB and Germany)

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5
Q

What is the Moroccan Crisis?

A
  • Germany arrives in Morocco and provokes France
  • France had colonised
  • Tried to convince Morocco to revolt
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6
Q

List the causes of World War 1 (9)

A
  1. Imperialism and colonialism
  2. Arms race/naval race
  3. Moroccan crisis
  4. Alliance system/Entente
  5. The Balkan crisis
  6. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
  7. Scramble for Africa
  8. Invasion of Belgium
  9. Encirclement/ German paranoia
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7
Q

How did imperialism and colonialism contribute to WW1?

A
  • rivalries
  • undermined cultural, religious and political structures
  • nationalism developed
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8
Q

How did the arms/naval race contribute to WW1?

A
  • Beef between GB and Germany
  • Trying to one up each other and threaten
  • Tightened military ties between Paris and st Petersburg
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9
Q

How did the Moroccan Crisis contribute to WW1?

A
  • Rivalries
  • Insecurity in Germany
  • Triggered arms race, increased German vulnerability
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10
Q

How did the Alliance system/Entente contribute to WW1?

A
  • Germany becomes paranoid
  • Alliances formed to strengthen bonds
  • Wilhelm viewed entente Cordiale as an alliance against Germany, retaliates
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11
Q

How did the Balkan crisis contribute to WW1?

A
  • Wars undermined peace

- Limits of control over events within Europe exposed

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12
Q

How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand contribute to WW1?

A

-Austria-Hungary targeted by Serbia, Germany gets involved, Russia gets involved etc (I think??)

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13
Q

How did the scramble for Africa contribute to WW1?

A
  • Beef?
  • ‘sphere of influence’

(Sorry Mia idk)

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14
Q

How did the invasion of Belgium contribute to WW1?

A

-Belgium was invaded?

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15
Q

How did German paranoia/encirclement contribute to WW1?

A
  • Paranoia, forms alliances

- Fights back

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16
Q

Summarise the causes of WW1

A
  • Examine how peace was maintained to clarify origins of war
  • Crucial decisions made by ministers who had previously favoured peace but were now willing to risk war in pursuit of more assertive policies
  • Arms race impacted German thinking, fears of encirclement
  • Great powers threatened
  • War considered to stop loss of power
17
Q

When’s did Nicholas 2 become Tsar of Russia?

A

1894

  • God appointed Tsars
  • Didn’t have skills to lead Russia
18
Q

What did Tsars believe about ruling?

A
  • God given right
  • unlimited control over people of Russia
  • Pro military outlook
  • Anti Semitic
19
Q

Nicholas as an autocrat was…?

A
  • politically naive (Japan)
  • only accepting to advice he wanted to hear
  • didn’t accept guidance from anyone
  • used propaganda to earn love
  • ruled a police state, secret police would kill opposers
  • censorship to give Russians a good image of leadership
  • absolute power over law
  • deprived others of power (Dumas)
20
Q

Background of Russian empire?

A
  • 23 different nationalities
  • Russians only 40% of empire (132 million)
  • 77% peasants
  • All social classes hated Tsarist regime
21
Q

Middle/upper class liberals?

A
  • Supported Union of Liberation

- Wanted Russia to become a democracy w constitution

22
Q

Socialist intellectuals?

A
  • Marxism
  • Social Democratic Party (Bolsh/Mensh)
  • Revolutionary
  • Favoured peasants
23
Q

Economic situation in Russia 1900s?

A
  • brink of crisis
  • failed harvest, inflation, economic depression
  • increased workers riots and strikes
  • Nicky thinks granting reforms would undermine autocratic power
24
Q

Nobility

A
  • 1% of population
  • relied on gov. salaries
  • spent more than earned, blamed gov
25
Q

War against Japan?

A
  • 1905
  • gov weakness and bad judgement
  • ‘Slavic superiority’ from God challenged
  • first time an Asian power beat a European power, strengthened people’s discontent
26
Q

Causes of Bloody Sunday?

A
  • increasing political awareness of workers (strikes)
  • growing frustration with gov
  • ethnic tensions
  • middle class dissent
  • social revolutionaries rise
27
Q

Bloody Sunday events?

A
  • begins 1905 revolution
  • January 9
  • respectfully present petition to Tsar on problems (universal suffrage, constituent assembly etc)
  • soldiers killed peasants
  • massacre of 70-30000
  • “little father” - “bloody Nicholas”
28
Q

1905 revolution?

A
  • respond to Bloody Sunday with strikes, revolts etc
  • liberals demand constitution
  • workers form soviets
  • peasants seize land
  • peak in October, gov could no longer maintain law and order
29
Q

End of 1905 revolution?

A
  • mid 1907
  • tsar re-establishes power with return of troops
  • trials held
  • revolts crushed
  • revolutionaries killed
30
Q

Post Bloody Sunday?

A
  • trust in Tsar lost
  • peasants revolt
  • National Peasants’ Union formed
  • end of Jan= 500 000 workers on strike
  • Unions developed for all classes
31
Q

The Duma?

A
  • August
  • False sense of democracy
  • No real power, there to advise Tsar if needed (never was)
  • No power to make laws against Nicky
  • Opponents of Nicky discontented
  • Strikes/protests intensify
  • October 21: railway strike
  • October 26: St P Soviet formed (Trot)
32
Q

The October Manifesto?

A
  • Prime Minister Witte tells Nicky to save Romanov dynasty through constitution
  • solved little, pleased few
  • didn’t address everyday needs of proletariat
  • soviets anger grows
33
Q

Tsar’s perspective?

A
  • hated manifesto
  • hoped it would be a compromise (lack of understanding)
  • felt betrayed-returned to autocracy
  • hung and flogged rebelling peasants
34
Q

What were the “Fundamental Laws”?

A
  • May 2 1906: confirmed Tsars right to make laws, appoint ministers etc.
  • altered electoral law so the representation of working class/peasants was reduced greatly
35
Q

Early days of WW1 and tsarist regime?

A
  • final straw for downfall of Romanovs

- hardships endured undermined any remaining loyalty to Nicky

36
Q

How did hardships increase in the war?

A
  • people hoped for short war
  • high casualty rates, shortages, loss of land etc.
  • Russian army inadequate
  • economic strain
  • soldiers suffered
  • poor railway network, hard to get supplies to soldiers
  • food scarce
  • living standards declined, people unhappy
37
Q

Tsarina takes over?

A
  • Tsar leaves for front July 1915, personal balance for military failures
  • Tsarina took over, everyone hated her
  • Rasputin and Tsarina rumours, defamation
38
Q

Co-ordination of war effort?

A
  • Nicky sucks
  • Duma establishes committed to organise war aid
  • other committees to help
  • Duma challenged tsars authority
  • “progressive bloc” where Duma appoints ministers Nicky refuses obvs
  • by 1916/17 EVERYONE hates Nicky, all classes turn against him
  • Romanovs fall in 1917 revolution

History (4 decks)

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