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Everything Y1 > Yearlub 2022 > Flashcards

Yearlub 2022 Flashcards

1
Q

Man presents with pneumonia, he also has cystic fibrosis. What is the most common organism to cause this?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

What ECG changes can occur due to a pulmonary embolism?

A

Sinus tachycardia

T wave inversion in leads V1-V3

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3
Q

What is Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammatory process causing blood clot in one or more superficial veins in your legs

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4
Q

Give examples of a class one anti-arrhythmic drug and how it works?

A

Rhythm control by calcium channel blocker to slow conduction and prolong repolarisation

Lignocaine, flecainide, disopyramide

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5
Q

What is the treatment for atrial fibrillation?

A
  • rhythm control using cardioversion like class I (flecainide) or class III (amiodarone)

If doesnt work

  • rate control using digoxin, beta blocker or class IV (verapamil)

If cannot control it then use preventative using anticoagulation like warfarin, rivaroxaban

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6
Q

Man presents with Slow rising pulse, exertional dyspnoea and syncope. What murmur is he likely to have?

A

Aortic stenosis.

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7
Q

What component of the coagulation cascade does rivaroxaban block?

A

Xa

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8
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Disordered growth of cells, precancerous legions

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9
Q

Women presents with 24 hours of vomiting and mentions that she had Reheated rice yesterday night. What is the likely causative organism?

A

Bacillus cereus

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10
Q

Drug user presents with rise in AST and ALT, jaundice, fatigue, arthralgia

A

HEP C

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11
Q

You suspect a hepatitis infection in a patient, you do a blood test and find HBcAb present. What does this suggest?

A

HBcAb antibodies against a caught infection

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12
Q

Young girl presents with an assumed paracetamol overdose, what is your treatment

A

N- acetylcysteine

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13
Q

You endoscope a young patients bowel and see a cobble stones picture, fissures, its patchy and appears to be effecting all the layers of the intestine. What is the diagnosis?

A

Crohns disease

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14
Q

What do U and Es assess?

A

Electrolytes, kidney function, urea levels.

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15
Q

Someone is on warfarin, they come into clinic every few weeks to measure what in their blood?

A

INR (prothrombin time) to investigate clotting ability

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16
Q

What is te most common murmur associated with rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral stenosis

17
Q

What are common side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Ankle oedema

Constipation

18
Q

What is the first line treatment for stable angina?

A

Beta blocker/ calcium channel blocker

GTN spray 2nd

19
Q

What is a common side effect of captopril?

A

ACE inhibitor

Dry cough

20
Q

What is the treatment for AF patients?

A

Beta blockers

21
Q

Women presents acutely with AF and 150 BPM, what is your treatment

A

Cardioversion

22
Q

What spirometry results ewould you expect in restrictive lung disease

A

Reduced FEV and FVC, normal FEV/FVC ratio, normal PEFR

23
Q

Which type of lung cancer expresses thyroid transcription factor

A

Adenocarcinoma

24
Q

What is reiters syndrome?

A

Reactive arthritis presenting with conjunctivitis, urethritis and arthritis after infection

25
Q

What is the classic presentation of HUS?

A

Exposure to E coli and bloody diarrhoea

26
Q

3 year old presents with profuse diarrhoea, vomiting and fever, also dehydrated.

A

Rotavirus

27
Q

Vomiting blood and blood present in diarrhoea. Mentions enjoys eating raw chicken. Causative organism?

A

Campylobacter

28
Q

What is first line treatment in ulcerative colitis?

A

Mesalazine

29
Q

Man presents with raised ALP and presence of AMA antibodies in the blood. What is the diagnosis?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

30
Q

Man presents with severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. What is the most likely diagnosis? What investigation would you use?

A

Pancreatitis

Serum amylase

31
Q

Man presents with no Pain, jaundice, weight loss over 3 months. Possible diagnosis

A

Pancreatic carcinoma as pancreas doesnt touch anyother organs it usually will present late with pain. Weight loss is red flag

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