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Ophthalmology > Yearclub revision session > Flashcards

Yearclub revision session Flashcards

1
Q

what is orbicularis oculi innervated by

A

facial nerve

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2
Q

does blowout fracture affect the orbital rim

A

no

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3
Q

where does levator palpebrae superioris originate from

A

sphenoid bone

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4
Q

fibrous layer of eye

A

sclera and cornea

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5
Q

vascular layer of eye

A

uvea:
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid

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6
Q

name 3 layers of retina

A
  • photoreceptors
  • ganglion cells
  • axons of ganglion cells
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7
Q

how are nutrients given to lens and cornea

A

aqueous humour

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8
Q

where is the greatest density of cones in the eye

A

macula

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9
Q

what is the fovea

A

1.5mm diameter depression at centre of the macula

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10
Q

what is the area of the most acute vision in the eye

A

fovea

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11
Q

which photoreceptor is activated by light

A

rods

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12
Q

which photoreceptor is high convergence

A

rods

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13
Q

corneal reflex afferent and efferent

A

CN V1
CN VII

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14
Q

wide eye opening of eye reflex

A

sympathetic innervation of superior tarsal muscle

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15
Q

pupillary light reflex afferent and efferent

A

CN II
CN III

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16
Q

CN III palsy, what direction does eye look

A

down and out

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17
Q

why dilated pupil in CN III palsy

A

parasympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae not working

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18
Q

is vision affected in conjunctivitis

A

no

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19
Q

is keratitis most commonly viral, bacterial, or fungal

A

viral

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20
Q

do you get reduced visual acuity in keratitis

A

yes - because cornea is affected and that’s where the light comes in

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21
Q

can you get hypopyon in keratitis

A

yes

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22
Q

bacterial keratitis management

A

admitted for hourly antibiotic drops - ofloxacin

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23
Q

what is synechiae

A

small irregular pupil

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24
Q

anterior uveitis management

A

topical steroids

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25
Q

what is blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid margins

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26
Q

cause of blepharitis

A

dysfunction of the meibomian glands

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27
Q

is episcleritis associated with underlying autoimmune aetiology

A

yes

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28
Q

injected vessels are mobile are mobile when gentle pressure is applied

A

episcleritis

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29
Q

scleritis onset

A

acute, severe pain

30
Q

scleritis management

A

refer

31
Q

what eye condition often develops from underlying infection in the ethmoid sinus.

A

orbital cellulitis

32
Q

orbital cellulitis presentation

A
  • painful eye movements
  • proptosis
  • abnormal pupil reactions
  • more lol
33
Q

orbital cellulitis management

A

IV broad spectrum antibiotics in hospital

34
Q

cause of most cataracts

A

ageing

35
Q

complication of cataract surgery

A

endophthalmitis

36
Q

is wet age related macular degeneration gradual or sudden vision loss

A

sudden

37
Q

main risk factor for age related macular degeneration

A

smoking

38
Q

which eye condition might you see distortion of lines

A

age related macular degeneration

39
Q

which type of ARMD is characterised by choroid neovascularisation

A

wet

40
Q

wet ARMD often progresses to bilateral, true or false

A

true

41
Q

wet ARMD treatment

A

anti-VEGF agents

42
Q

types of diabetic retinopathy

A
  • mild non-proliferative
  • moderate non-proliferative
  • proliferative
  • diabetic maculopathy (kinda a different thing?)
43
Q

difference between non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

neovascularisation

44
Q

proliferative diabetic retinopathy management

A
  • laser
  • anti-VEGF agents
45
Q

is diabetic maculopathy more common in type 1 or 2 diabetes

A

2

46
Q

diabetic maculopathy treatment

A

anti-VEGF ?

47
Q

“halos around lights”

A

glaucoma

48
Q

when do you start treatment in open angle glaucoma

A

when IOP >= 24mmHg

49
Q

open angle glaucoma management if drops don’t work

A

trabeculectomy

50
Q

“starbursts” around light

A

cataract

51
Q

closed angle glaucoma main symptom

A

SEVERELY PAINFUL RED EYE

52
Q

Initial management of closed angle glaucoma

A

pilocarpine drops

53
Q

definitive management of close angle glaucoma

A

some surgery - Laser peripheral iridotomy i think

54
Q

does central retinal vein occlusion cause pain

A

no

55
Q

central retinal vein occlusion management

A
  • treat macular oedema - anti-VEGF
  • neovascularisation treatment - laser
56
Q

commonest cause of central retinal artery occlusion

A

atherosclerosis

57
Q

giant cell arteritis is a cause of central retinal artery occlusion, true or false

A

true

58
Q

will central retinal artery occlusion cause RAPD

A

yes

59
Q

“cherry red spot”

A

central retinal artery occlusion

60
Q

is posterior vitreous detachment common in older people

A

yep super common

61
Q

is posterior vitreous detachment more common in short or longsighted people

A

short-sighted (myopia)

62
Q

is retinal detachment an emergency

A

yep

63
Q

retinal detachment risk factors

A
  • diabetes !
  • myopia
  • age
  • previous cataract surgery
  • trauma
64
Q

does retinal detachment cause pain

A

no

65
Q

“like a shadow/curtain coming across”

A

retinal detachment

66
Q

does vitreous haemorrhage clear up itself

A

yes if it’s mild.
in more severe cases, vitrectomy surgery may be required

67
Q

are flashes/floaters seen in posterior vitreous detachment

A

yep

68
Q

optic neuritis associated with

A

Multiple sclerosis
VIth nerve palsy

69
Q

“shake hand and won’t let go”
“snowflake/”christmas tree”

A

myotonic dystrophy

70
Q

“Lisch nodules”
“optic glioma”

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

71
Q

do you get lid retraction in graves disease

A

yes

Ophthalmology (7 decks)

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