Yearclub revision session Flashcards
what is orbicularis oculi innervated by
facial nerve
does blowout fracture affect the orbital rim
no
where does levator palpebrae superioris originate from
sphenoid bone
fibrous layer of eye
sclera and cornea
vascular layer of eye
uvea:
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
name 3 layers of retina
- photoreceptors
- ganglion cells
- axons of ganglion cells
how are nutrients given to lens and cornea
aqueous humour
where is the greatest density of cones in the eye
macula
what is the fovea
1.5mm diameter depression at centre of the macula
what is the area of the most acute vision in the eye
fovea
which photoreceptor is activated by light
rods
which photoreceptor is high convergence
rods
corneal reflex afferent and efferent
CN V1
CN VII
wide eye opening of eye reflex
sympathetic innervation of superior tarsal muscle
pupillary light reflex afferent and efferent
CN II
CN III
CN III palsy, what direction does eye look
down and out
why dilated pupil in CN III palsy
parasympathetic innervation to sphincter pupillae not working
is vision affected in conjunctivitis
no
is keratitis most commonly viral, bacterial, or fungal
viral
do you get reduced visual acuity in keratitis
yes - because cornea is affected and that’s where the light comes in
can you get hypopyon in keratitis
yes
bacterial keratitis management
admitted for hourly antibiotic drops - ofloxacin
what is synechiae
small irregular pupil
anterior uveitis management
topical steroids
what is blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid margins
cause of blepharitis
dysfunction of the meibomian glands
is episcleritis associated with underlying autoimmune aetiology
yes
injected vessels are mobile are mobile when gentle pressure is applied
episcleritis
scleritis onset
acute, severe pain
scleritis management
refer
what eye condition often develops from underlying infection in the ethmoid sinus.
orbital cellulitis
orbital cellulitis presentation
- painful eye movements
- proptosis
- abnormal pupil reactions
- more lol
orbital cellulitis management
IV broad spectrum antibiotics in hospital
cause of most cataracts
ageing
complication of cataract surgery
endophthalmitis
is wet age related macular degeneration gradual or sudden vision loss
sudden
main risk factor for age related macular degeneration
smoking
which eye condition might you see distortion of lines
age related macular degeneration
which type of ARMD is characterised by choroid neovascularisation
wet
wet ARMD often progresses to bilateral, true or false
true
wet ARMD treatment
anti-VEGF agents
types of diabetic retinopathy
- mild non-proliferative
- moderate non-proliferative
- proliferative
- diabetic maculopathy (kinda a different thing?)
difference between non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy
neovascularisation
proliferative diabetic retinopathy management
- laser
- anti-VEGF agents
is diabetic maculopathy more common in type 1 or 2 diabetes
2
diabetic maculopathy treatment
anti-VEGF ?
“halos around lights”
glaucoma
when do you start treatment in open angle glaucoma
when IOP >= 24mmHg
open angle glaucoma management if drops don’t work
trabeculectomy
“starbursts” around light
cataract
closed angle glaucoma main symptom
SEVERELY PAINFUL RED EYE
Initial management of closed angle glaucoma
pilocarpine drops
definitive management of close angle glaucoma
some surgery - Laser peripheral iridotomy i think
does central retinal vein occlusion cause pain
no
central retinal vein occlusion management
- treat macular oedema - anti-VEGF
- neovascularisation treatment - laser
commonest cause of central retinal artery occlusion
atherosclerosis
giant cell arteritis is a cause of central retinal artery occlusion, true or false
true
will central retinal artery occlusion cause RAPD
yes
“cherry red spot”
central retinal artery occlusion
is posterior vitreous detachment common in older people
yep super common
is posterior vitreous detachment more common in short or longsighted people
short-sighted (myopia)
is retinal detachment an emergency
yep
retinal detachment risk factors
- diabetes !
- myopia
- age
- previous cataract surgery
- trauma
does retinal detachment cause pain
no
“like a shadow/curtain coming across”
retinal detachment
does vitreous haemorrhage clear up itself
yes if it’s mild.
in more severe cases, vitrectomy surgery may be required
are flashes/floaters seen in posterior vitreous detachment
yep
optic neuritis associated with
Multiple sclerosis
VIth nerve palsy
“shake hand and won’t let go”
“snowflake/”christmas tree”
myotonic dystrophy
“Lisch nodules”
“optic glioma”
neurofibromatosis type 1
do you get lid retraction in graves disease
yes
