Year2 Sem1 PPP2 exam

Question 1

4 Phases of Acute Kidney Injury

Answer 1

1. Onset
   ➢ the time from the onset of the precipitating event until tubular injury occurs
2. Oliguric (from this stage to recovery ~12days)
   ➢ there is marked decrease in the GFR, causing sudden retention of endogenous metabolites
3. Diuretic
   ➢ the kidneys try to heal and urine output increases, but tubule scarring and damage occur
4. Recovery
   ➢ the GFR, urine output, and blood levels of nitrogenous wastes return to normal

Question 1

3 phases/stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Answer 1

1. Early
   unaffected nephrons compensate for the lost nephrons
   glomerular filtration rate is normal or slightly decreased. patient is asymptomatic with normal urea and creatinine level
2. Disease progression
   -glomerular filtration rate falls further, cause HT and manifestation of renal insufficiency such as
   fatigue, anemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances
   -serum creatinine and urea level increase
3. Late/Final
   GFR less than 15ml/min
   start of renal replacement therapy