YEAR-IN-REVIEW 382 (The Beast) Flashcards
What were the Intolerable Acts?
- Shut down Boston Harbor
- Sent many more troops to Massachusetts to police the colonists.
- Took away Massachusetts’ right to self-govern
- British soldiers were to be tried in Britain
Women in Oregon territory out west were more respected because they worked and survived moving out west. So they helped get which right?
right to vote
What does ratify mean?
to approve
During the Nullification Crisis, what was the real issue?
the rights of States to ignore Federal laws
The right to assemble means…
the right to gather together with other people and protest
Compromise of 1850
The compromise included 1) end of slave trade in Washington D. C.; 2) California entered as a free state ; 3) New Mexico and Utah - popular sovereignty; 4) Fugitive Slave Law passed. This proposal was made by Henry Clay. Once again issues of slavery were resolved through compromises and small fixes.
True or False: Before the Declaration of Independence was written, they were considering abolishing slavery.
True. However, too many colonists wanted to keep slavery so they decided to address the problem later on.
What made John Adams so famous during the Revolutionary War?
He defended the Redcoats involved in the Boston Massacre even though Adams was a patriot!
Supporters of the Constitution called themselves
Federalists.
Why did the colonies explain why they wanted independence when they wrote the Declaration of Independence?
So other countries would be supportive to America
How did a group of colonists respond to the Tea Act?
The Boston Tea Party
Working in factories made workers get….
health problems
Which states had an advantage under the Virginia Plan?
This plan favored states with largerpopulations, which would have morerepresentatives in both houses ofCongress.
Who appoints federal judges?
President
When Jackson rewarded people for helping him win his election, he gave them jobs afterward, What was this called?
Spoils System
Who elects the president?
Electoral College Delegates
Which statement about approving the Constitution is true?
Nine states had to approve the Constitution before it went into effect.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
Nobody is allowed to settle land that is west of the Appalachian Mountains.
What were the rules of the Northwest Ordinance?
• When a territory has 5,000 free adultmales, it can elect its own legislature.* When the population reaches 60,000,a territory can apply for statehood.* Settlers have the same rights andprivileges as other citizens.* Slavery is banned
According to our Declaration of Independence, the government should get their power from…..who?
their citizens
What are the Articles?
The Articles outline the function of the government; the first three articles explain the role of the three branches of government.
Virginia plan
Plan to have 2 Legislative branches based on population
The U.S. Constitution
our constitution that splits power into 3 branches and allows changes called amendments
How did Britain forcefully rule the colonies after the French and Indian War?
They required colonists to pay taxes
Who can impeach the President?
Legislative Branch
What was one of the most difficult things that people of the Constitutional Convention had to compromise on?
how to balance power among the large states vs small states
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
The Declaration of Independence was written to tell Britain and the world why we wanted to become a new country. Who were they complaining about the most?
King George III
What is the power called that the Judicial Branch uses to say that a law is unconstitutional?
judicial review
to approve or veto a law created by the Legislative Branch
Executive
New American Strategy
Avoid large battles and more defensive-try to tire them out
The Trail of Tears was a result of…
Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Policy (he no like Indians, he hate)
Which war was because of Texas?
Mexican-American War
Which battle had the famous command “don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes?”
Battle of Bunker Hill
Before Britain’s new policies and taxes, what was the colonies’ goverment like?
Colonies self-governed (ruled themselves) using their own assemblies.
ally
a nation that joins another nation in some common effort, such as fighting a war
Dorothea Dix was involved with improving what?
prisons
What is Amendment Nine?
Any right not listed in The Constitution, automatically belongs to the people
What happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill?
The British won but suffered a heavy loss of troops
What did delegates for stronger stategovernments (weaker nationalgovernment) believe?
A strong national government could threaten individual liberty. The state governments are closer to the people’s control and so should have more power than the national government.
The President decides to veto a law that Congress has passed
Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch
to make treaties with leaders of other countries
Executive
A few years after the Constitutional Convention, political parties were
nominating presidential candidates.
Society North
Towns and cities; experienced rapid growth; more education opportunities; public schools; many immigrants
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
During the Gold Rush, how did the high demand for gold mining tools effect prices of these items?
prices got jacked up for gold mining tools (high prices)
What two reform groups shared something in common?
Women’s Rights & Abolitionist (both denied rights to women and African Ameriicans)
Underground Railroad
A series of escape routes and safe stops or stations that led enslaved people to freedom.
What did John Brown hope to achieve by his raid at Harpers Ferry?
to create a slave rebellion that would bring an end to slavery
Battle of Trenton
On Christmas night, Washington crossed the icy Delaware in boats despite being bitterly cold and having worn out shoes and guns too wet to fire. The Americans caught the Hessians by surprise and they surrendered. This battle improved the morale of the Americans showing they can beat the British.
A bill is sent from Congress to the President in the final step of the law-making process. The President decides whether to sign the bill into law or to veto it.
Executive Branch checks the Legislative Branch
What were the causes of Shays’ Rebellion?
* Congress did not have enough gold or silver to mint coins, which caused a money shortage.• Farmers had difficulty earning enough to pay their debts and taxes.• Farmers were required to sell their land and livestock to pay their debts.
Treaty of Paris
Great Britain agreed to recognize the United States as an independent nation. It gave up its claims to all lands between the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River-from the border of Canada south to Florida. The United States agreed to return all rights and property taken from Loyalists during the war.
Transportation North
Trains; improved roads; ships and canals; 30,000 miles of railroad tracks by 1850
What precedent did Washington set up by asking Hamilton and Jefferson to advise him?
The “cabinet”. The cabinet is a group of advisors that give advice to the president.
Economy North
Industrial Revolution, machinery, factories; wanted higher tariffs to discourage trade with other countries
True or False: Federalists supported The Constitution.
True, Federalists supported The Constitution
Patriot
A colonist who was disgruntled by the laws and actions of the British kind and Parliament in trying to control the colonists; wanting independence
Which event stained Adams presidency?
Alien & Sedition Acts (his laws discriminated against French people)
What meeting occurred of delegates of all 13 colonies in 1775-1776? These representatives moved discussions toward inevitable war and signed the Declaration of Independence.
Second Continental Congress
Who can override a veto?
Legislative Branch
Constitutional Convention
Meeting held in Philadelphia in 1787 at which delegates from the states wrote the U.S. Constitution, and amend the articles of confederation.
Battle of Yorktown
France sent 3,000 troops along with 29 French warships. Washington moved his army south to Virginia, joined the French, and surrounded Yorktown on land with more than 16,000 troops. French warships sealed off the entrance to Chesapeake Bay. American and French troops formed two long lines that stretched for more than a mile along the road to Yorktown and the British laid down their guns.
James Madison
Father of the Constitution and he added the Bill of Rights to appease Anti-Federalist and guarantee rights and liberty
Susan B. Anthony tried to give women the right to….
vote
Abraham Lincoln
Republican candidate in 1860 who won the election and presidency; he did not receive one electoral college vote from the South
Jackson help start which political party?
Democrat
What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
Indians traded their land in the east for new lands in the Great Plains
Enlightenment’s “social contract” has to do with what?
consent (allowing) to be governed by the people
Who were the Hessians?
German mercenaries that were paid by the British to fight the Americans (The Headless Horseman was a Hessian)
Henry David Thoreau’s philosophy is…
to question society’s rules
to appoint justices to the Supreme Court
Executive
American Weaknesses
Few Americans were trained for battle
What amendment gives a convicted individual a right to a lawyer?
5
Why did the important leaders SamAdams, John Hancock, and Patrick Henrynot attend the convention?
Adams, Hancock, and Henry feared that astronger national government would hurt the rights of the states.
Tax on legal documents, newspapers, wills, and basically every piece of paper used is called the…?
Stamp Act
American Strengths
Patriotism-people were willing to defend and give their lives for their country
Amendment 1
freedom of speech
What did delegates for a strong nationalgovernment believe?
Government should protect “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” The government’s powers come from the people. The best way to protect rights is with a republic.
Why is the Gadsden Purchase the best purchase ever?
Helped U.S. build southern railroad
In the introduction of the Constitution, it says “We the people” to show…
where the power comes from
What happened at the Second Continental Congress?
they created an Army
Slaves often made their own way of life on a plantation. They became close, even if they didn’t know each other. Why did they do this?
to better cope with the horrors of being slaves and made them feel like they belonged to a community
Which events led to the Declaration of Independence?
The “shot heard ‘round the world” at Lexington and then Concord
What was Jackson’s “Spoils System?”
The winner of an election gives those who helped him government jobs
Who supported the New Jersey Plan?
delegates from small states
President Polk believed in expanding America all the way to the ________ _________.
Pacific Ocean
Chinese immigrants helped America with
culture and farming skills
What was the MAIN purpose of the boycotts by the women patriots?
making clothing for themselves, prevented patriots from buying the TAXED British items
American Weaknesses
Congress lacked power to raise taxes and had to print paper money resulting in inflation
A republic is a country governed
by elected representatives.
Who can declare an action taken by the President as unconstitutional?
Judicial Branch
Why was Shay’s Rebellion important?
Farmers attacked and were hard to stop. Many realized that America needed a stronger central govt. and agreed to fix government.
Mexico _________ slavery in 1830.
abolished
What was the Boston Tea Party?
Patriots threw barrels of tea into the harbor to protest tea taxes
Why were the colonists taxed by the British government?
Britain was in debt
What caused Britain to want to create the Intolerable Acts?
The Boston Tea Party
Andrew Jackson hated the National Bank because…
he felt it favored the wealthy
What state did not send delegates to the Convention?
Rhode Island
How did America explore the land they bought called Louisiana?
Louis and Clark Expedition
Battle of Saratoga
Americans outnumbered Burgoyne and attacked. British accepted defeat. It was a turning point in the war as France became an ally of the Americans sending money, troops, weapons, and warships. Spain also entered the war against Great Britain.
What was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War that led to final American victory?
Battle at Yorktown
At the Constitutional Convention, delegates elected George Washington to be
president of the convention.
Who started the Seneca Falls Convention?
Miss Mott
to approve the president’s budget
Legislative
What did the Treaty of Paris 1783 say?
Britain recognized that the United States was now a new nation, not their colonies anymore.
Put the following in chronological order:
Battle at Lexington
French and Indian War
Boston Tea Party
The Stamp Act
The Intolerable Acts
The Townshend Acts
- French and Indian War
- The Stamp Act
- The Townshend Acts
- The Boston Tea Party
- The Intolerable Acts
- Battle at Lexington
Who explored the south part of the Louisiana Purchase?
Pike
What was the name of the newspaper that Frederick Douglas made to spread his abolitionist message?
The Northern Star
What did Jackson do when the Supreme Court ruled that the National Bank was constitutional?
Jackson ignored the Supreme Court
What was the military’s role during Reconstruction?
they were sent to the South to make sure new rules were followed
Why did Anti-Federalists not like the Constitution?
They were scared that too much power was being given to the federal government
How did the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 impact Lincoln’s political future?
He became known throughout the nation
Battle of New York
Washington used the Declaration of Independence as a motive for the troops to fight for independence. Inexperience and lack of training for the Americans was too much, and they lost this battle losing over 1400 men. General Howe ordered a halt in the attack assuming Americans would surrender, but Washington did not and retreated hungry and cold
Which branch of government never has to worry about re-election?
Judicial Branch
Working conditions for women in Mill Factories was…
harsh and low money
Fugitive Slave Law
Law forcing enslaved people to be returned to owner; citizens caught assisting a runaway enslaved person would be fined $1000 and 6 months in jail.
TRUE OR FALSE… Colonists wanted to go to war with Britain after the battle at Lexington and Concord.
False
The Federalist Papers
A series of essays written by James Madison, Alexandr Hamilton, and John Jay in support of the ratification of the constitution by the states. Pointed out the importance of a Federal Govt. (1 central govt. instead of 13 separate state govt.)
What document did the women at the Seneca Falls Convention try to copy?
The Declaration of Independence
What was Britain’s reaction to the colonies rebelling against the Stamp Act?
Britain repealed (removed) the Stamp Act
Eli Whitney
Invented the cotton gin
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
A best selling book (and play) that raised awareness of the harshness of slavery
What was a feature of the Great Compromise?
a Senate with two senators from each state
Congress has the power to pass laws but the Courts can declare laws unconstitutional
Judicial Branch checks the Legislative Branch
Amendment 1
right to petition the Government
In the Declaration of Independence the power to govern should come from who?
the people
Problem with education was that it only benefited who?
boys
Florida Seminole Indians were attacking which state’s wealthy plantations?
Georgia
Women wanted someone in office that would give women the right to vote, however, women could not ________ for a person like this, they still did not have that right yet.
vote
Popular Sovereignty
Allowed residents of a territory to decide whether or not they wanted slavery.
to nominate the Secretaries of the executive departments, the Attorney General and ambassadors
Executive
What is Manifest Destiny?
The idea that the U.S. has a godly right to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Why? Because only the U.S. had new technologies that made life better for humans. Wow, that is arrogant. Indians, Mexicans, we take your land, yes? Because we have new technology, we take your land, you will like our technology, yes? We take your land. We take now. You like.
What did the British realize about the colonists at the Battle of Lexington?
colonists were willing to die for their right to self-govern
Which two people worked together to balance the interests of the North and the South with regard toslavery?
Daniel Webster and Henry Clay
can override president’s veto of bill by 2/3 vote
Legislative
Checks and Balances
Division of DUTIES and LIMITS on power to ensure no portion of government becomes more powerful than others.
How can the Constitution be amended?
By 3/4 or more of the STATE Legislatures
What was the turning point in the Revolutionary War?
The Battle of Saratoga because that victory convinced the French to join the Americans
The Nullification Crisis was caused when Jackson raised what?
tariffs
Which states had an advantage under the New Jersey Plan?
This plan favored states withsmaller populations because eachstate would get an equalnumber of votes in Congress.
Amendment 6
speedy and public trial for criminal prosecutions
Who explored the west for the U.S. during the Louisiana Purchase?
Lewis and Clark explored the north, and Pike in the south
The Stamp Act angered colonists because…
There was no representation by colonists in this new law… in other words “no taxation without representation!”
Which right did Lincoln suspend?
Habeas Corpus - the right to be at trial
American Weaknesses
Continental army was small and always short of soldiers
What issue did the Land Ordinance of1785 address?
The Land Ordinance of 1785addressed the issue of how todivide the western lands acquiredby the United States in the Treatyof Paris.
How did the colonist react to the Stamp Act?
Boycotts and protests
What are the Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights are the first 10 Amendments outlining the personal liberties and freedoms of Americans.
What do we call the first ten amendments?
Bill of Rights
TRUE OR FALSE: Jackson wanted State Banks rather than a National Bank.
TRUE
What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case?
that African Americans did not have the right to sue in federal court
