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Physics GCSE Key Terms > Year 9 - Topics covered in P1-P6 > Flashcards

Year 9 - Topics covered in P1-P6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound waves with frequencies above the upper limit of human hearing (20,000 Hz). They are used in medical imaging, such as ultrasound scans.

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2
Q

Uniform motion

A

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line.

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3
Q

Vectors

A

Quantities that have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity and force.

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4
Q

Scalars

A

Quantities that have only magnitude, such as distance and time.

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5
Q

Displacement

A

The change in position of an object in a particular direction.

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6
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

Atomic mass (A)

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement of an object per unit time, including both magnitude and direction.

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9
Q

Magnitude

A

The size or quantity of a vector or scalar without considering its direction.

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10
Q

Direction

A

The orientation or angle of a vector in relation to a reference axis or point.

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11
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity of an object per unit time.

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12
Q

Kinetic store

A

The store of energy possessed by a moving object due to its motion.

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13
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

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14
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work or cause a change.

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15
Q

Electric charge

A

A fundamental property of matter that determines its electromagnetic interactions.

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16
Q

Static electricity

A

The accumulation of electric charge on an object at rest.

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17
Q

Static

A

Not moving or changing.

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18
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that do not allow the flow of electric charges easily.

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19
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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20
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles found in orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

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21
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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22
Q

Discharge

A

The release or transfer of electric charge.

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23
Q

Sparks

A

Brief flashes of light and heat produced by the rapid discharge of electric charges.

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24
Q

Current

A

The flow of electric charges through a conductor.

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25
Q

Cell

A

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.

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26
Q

Battery

A

A collection of cells connected together to provide a source of electrical energy.

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27
Q

Conventional current

A

The flow of positive charges from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery.

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28
Q

Magnetic field lines

A

Imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of a magnetic field.

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29
Q

Permanent magnet

A

A magnet that retains its magnetism over a long period of time.

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30
Q

Induced magnet

A

A temporary magnet that becomes magnetic when it is brought close to a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.

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31
Q

Domain

A

A region within a magnetic material where the magnetic field of the atoms align in the same direction.

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32
Q

Natural frequency

A

The frequency at which an object oscillates or vibrates with the least amount of energy.

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33
Q

Resonance

A

The phenomenon that occurs when an object is subjected to a vibrating force at its natural frequency, resulting in increased amplitude of vibration.

34
Q

Hard magnetic materials

A

Materials that retain their magnetism once magnetized, such as permanent magnets.

35
Q

Soft magnetic materials

A

Materials that can be easily magnetized and demagnetized, such as iron.

36
Q

Magnetic north pole

A

The end of a magnet that points toward the Earth’s geographic north pole.

37
Q

Compass

A

A navigational instrument that uses a magnetic needle to indicate the direction of the Earth’s magnetic field.

38
Q

Solenoid

A

A coil of wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it.

39
Q

Vibrations

A

Rapid back-and-forth movements or oscillations.

40
Q

Sound waves

A

Mechanical waves that result from the vibrations of particles in a medium and can be heard by the human ear.

41
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

Waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through a vacuum.

42
Q

Mechanical waves

A

Waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.

43
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.

44
Q

Transverse waves

A

Waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.

45
Q

Wave

A

A disturbance that carries energy through a medium or through space.

46
Q

Oscillation

A

The repetitive back-and-forth motion around a central equilibrium position.

47
Q

Wave velocity

A

The speed at which a wave travels through a medium.

48
Q

Microphones

A

Devices that convert sound waves into electrical signals.

49
Q

Oscilloscope

A

An instrument used to visualize and measure electrical waveforms.

50
Q

Refraction

A

The bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another due to a change in their speed.

51
Q

Medium

A

The substance or material through which a wave travels.

52
Q

Surface normal

A

A line perpendicular to the surface of a medium or object.

53
Q

Echo sounding

A

The technique of using sound waves to measure the depth of a body of water or to detect underwater objects.

54
Q

Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging)

A

A system that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater.

55
Q

Ossicles

A

The three tiny bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

56
Q

Oval window

A

A membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear and transmits sound vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea.

57
Q

Visible light

A

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.

58
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

59
Q

Stable

A

Having a tendency to remain unchanged or balanced over time.

60
Q

Unstable

A

Lacking stability or having a tendency to change or become unbalanced.

61
Q

Radiation

A

The emission and transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles.

62
Q

Radioactive

A

The property of an unstable atomic nucleus that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.

63
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

High-energy radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to the formation of ions.

64
Q

Alpha decay

A

A type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

65
Q

Beta decay

A

A type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

66
Q

Gamma decay

A

A type of radioactive decay in which a gamma ray (high-energy electromagnetic radiation) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

67
Q

Neutron emission

A

A type of radioactive decay in which a neutron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.

68
Q

Computerized tomography (CT)

A

A medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.

69
Q

Sources

A

The origins or points of origin of waves or radiation.

70
Q

Microwave

A

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately one millimeter to one meter.

71
Q

Impaired wave

A

A wave that has been reflected, absorbed, or scattered, resulting in a reduction in its intensity or quality.

72
Q

Absorbers

A

Materials or substances that absorb or dampen the energy of waves.

73
Q

Potential difference

A

The difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric circuit, also known as voltage.

74
Q

Radio wave

A

Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used for communication.

75
Q

Aerial

A

An antenna or device used for transmitting or receiving radio waves.

76
Q

X-rays

A

High-energy electromagnetic waves that can penetrate through matter and are used in medical imaging and other applications.

77
Q

Gamma rays

A

The highest-energy electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically emitted by radioactive materials.

78
Q

Radiographer

A

A healthcare professional who operates medical imaging equipment, such as X-ray machines and CT scanners.

79
Q

Thermal imaging camera

A

A device that uses infrared radiation to create images based on the temperature differences of objects.

80
Q

Thermogram

A

An image produced by a thermal imaging camera, showing the distribution of temperature across a surface or object.

81
Q

CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)

A

A type of image sensor used in digital cameras and other imaging devices that converts light into electronic signals.

82
Q

Check diagrams in favourites

A

Circuit diagrams, Electromagnetic spectrum, ear diagram

Physics GCSE Key Terms (2 decks)

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