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Physics GCSE Key Terms > Year 9 - Topics covered in P1-P6 > Flashcards

Year 9 - Topics covered in P1-P6 Flashcards

1
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sound waves with frequencies above the upper limit of human hearing (20,000 Hz). They are used in medical imaging, such as ultrasound scans.

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2
Q

Uniform motion

A

Motion at a constant speed in a straight line.

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3
Q

Vectors

A

Quantities that have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity and force.

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4
Q

Scalars

A

Quantities that have only magnitude, such as distance and time.

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5
Q

Displacement

A

The change in position of an object in a particular direction.

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6
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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7
Q

Atomic mass (A)

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

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8
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of change of displacement of an object per unit time, including both magnitude and direction.

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9
Q

Magnitude

A

The size or quantity of a vector or scalar without considering its direction.

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10
Q

Direction

A

The orientation or angle of a vector in relation to a reference axis or point.

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11
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity of an object per unit time.

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12
Q

Kinetic store

A

The store of energy possessed by a moving object due to its motion.

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13
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

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14
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work or cause a change.

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15
Q

Electric charge

A

A fundamental property of matter that determines its electromagnetic interactions.

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16
Q

Static electricity

A

The accumulation of electric charge on an object at rest.

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17
Q

Static

A

Not moving or changing.

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18
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that do not allow the flow of electric charges easily.

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19
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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20
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles found in orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

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21
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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22
Q

Discharge

A

The release or transfer of electric charge.

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23
Q

Sparks

A

Brief flashes of light and heat produced by the rapid discharge of electric charges.

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24
Q

Current

A

The flow of electric charges through a conductor.

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25
Cell
A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
26
Battery
A collection of cells connected together to provide a source of electrical energy.
27
Conventional current
The flow of positive charges from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery.
28
Magnetic field lines
Imaginary lines used to represent the direction and strength of a magnetic field.
29
Permanent magnet
A magnet that retains its magnetism over a long period of time.
30
Induced magnet
A temporary magnet that becomes magnetic when it is brought close to a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
31
Domain
A region within a magnetic material where the magnetic field of the atoms align in the same direction.
32
Natural frequency
The frequency at which an object oscillates or vibrates with the least amount of energy.
33
Resonance
The phenomenon that occurs when an object is subjected to a vibrating force at its natural frequency, resulting in increased amplitude of vibration.
34
Hard magnetic materials
Materials that retain their magnetism once magnetized, such as permanent magnets.
35
Soft magnetic materials
Materials that can be easily magnetized and demagnetized, such as iron.
36
Magnetic north pole
The end of a magnet that points toward the Earth's geographic north pole.
37
Compass
A navigational instrument that uses a magnetic needle to indicate the direction of the Earth's magnetic field.
38
Solenoid
A coil of wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it.
39
Vibrations
Rapid back-and-forth movements or oscillations.
40
Sound waves
Mechanical waves that result from the vibrations of particles in a medium and can be heard by the human ear.
41
Electromagnetic waves
Waves that consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can travel through a vacuum.
42
Mechanical waves
Waves that require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate.
43
Longitudinal waves
Waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
44
Transverse waves
Waves in which the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
45
Wave
A disturbance that carries energy through a medium or through space.
46
Oscillation
The repetitive back-and-forth motion around a central equilibrium position.
47
Wave velocity
The speed at which a wave travels through a medium.
48
Microphones
Devices that convert sound waves into electrical signals.
49
Oscilloscope
An instrument used to visualize and measure electrical waveforms.
50
Refraction
The bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another due to a change in their speed.
51
Medium
The substance or material through which a wave travels.
52
Surface normal
A line perpendicular to the surface of a medium or object.
53
Echo sounding
The technique of using sound waves to measure the depth of a body of water or to detect underwater objects.
54
Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging)
A system that uses sound waves to detect and locate objects underwater.
55
Ossicles
The three tiny bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
56
Oval window
A membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear and transmits sound vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea.
57
Visible light
The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
58
Electromagnetic spectrum
The range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
59
Stable
Having a tendency to remain unchanged or balanced over time.
60
Unstable
Lacking stability or having a tendency to change or become unbalanced.
61
Radiation
The emission and transmission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles.
62
Radioactive
The property of an unstable atomic nucleus that spontaneously emits radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves.
63
Ionizing radiation
High-energy radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to the formation of ions.
64
Alpha decay
A type of radioactive decay in which an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.
65
Beta decay
A type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.
66
Gamma decay
A type of radioactive decay in which a gamma ray (high-energy electromagnetic radiation) is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.
67
Neutron emission
A type of radioactive decay in which a neutron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.
68
Computerized tomography (CT)
A medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
69
Sources
The origins or points of origin of waves or radiation.
70
Microwave
Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from approximately one millimeter to one meter.
71
Impaired wave
A wave that has been reflected, absorbed, or scattered, resulting in a reduction in its intensity or quality.
72
Absorbers
Materials or substances that absorb or dampen the energy of waves.
73
Potential difference
The difference in electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric circuit, also known as voltage.
74
Radio wave
Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used for communication.
75
Aerial
An antenna or device used for transmitting or receiving radio waves.
76
X-rays
High-energy electromagnetic waves that can penetrate through matter and are used in medical imaging and other applications.
77
Gamma rays
The highest-energy electromagnetic waves in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically emitted by radioactive materials.
78
Radiographer
A healthcare professional who operates medical imaging equipment, such as X-ray machines and CT scanners.
79
Thermal imaging camera
A device that uses infrared radiation to create images based on the temperature differences of objects.
80
Thermogram
An image produced by a thermal imaging camera, showing the distribution of temperature across a surface or object.
81
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device)
A type of image sensor used in digital cameras and other imaging devices that converts light into electronic signals.
82
Check diagrams in favourites
Circuit diagrams, Electromagnetic spectrum, ear diagram

Physics GCSE Key Terms (2 decks)

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