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GCSE Biology > Year 9 Recap > Flashcards

Year 9 Recap Flashcards

1
Q

What is concentration gradient?

A

The difference in concentration of particles.
More particles = More concentrated

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2
Q

What does permeable mean?

A

Allows substances to pass through

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3
Q

Partially permeable

A

Allows only small molecules through not not large molecules

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4
Q

What does solute mean?

A

Substance dissolves in a solvent to make a solution

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5
Q

What does turgid mean?

A

When something is firm

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6
Q

What does passive mean?

A

Does not require energy

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7
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Spreading out of the particles.

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of where diffusion happened.

A

Lungs
Kidney

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9
Q

How does Concentration gradient help rate of diffusion?

A

Greater the difference the faster the movement

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10
Q

How does temperature help with rate of diffusion?

A

Greater temperature faster they move

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11
Q

How does surface area of membrane help with rate of diffusion?

A

Larger the surface area faster they move

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12
Q

How does the thickness of the membrane help the rate of diffusion?

A

Thinner the membrane faster they move

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13
Q

What is active transport?

A

Particles move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against the concentration gradient

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14
Q

Does active transport need energy?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Does diffusion need energy?

A

No

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16
Q

Why do we need active transport?

A

Transport mineral ions
Allows sugar molecules

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17
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Break down nutrients into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed.

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18
Q

What are biological catalyst?

A

Speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms without being used up.

19
Q

List 3 factors that can affect enzymes?

A

pH
Temperature
Concentration

20
Q

What is enzymes optimum temperature?

A

37.5 degrees

21
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.

22
Q

Example of Eukaryotic cells.

A

Animal and plant cells

23
Q

Example of Prokaryotic cells.

A

Bacteria cells

24
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells?

A

Membrane bound nucleus.

25
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

It doesn’t have a nucleus

26
Q

In an animal cell what does the nucleus do?

A

Controls the activities
of the cell and contains the genetic information

27
Q

In an animal cell what does the Cell membrane do?

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

28
Q

In an animal cell what does the cytoplasm do?

A

Where most chemical reactions occur.

29
Q

In an animal cell what does the mitochondria do?

A

Site of respiration, which release energy
for the cell.

30
Q

In an animal cell what do Ribosomes do?

A

Where proteins are made (protein synthesis).

31
Q

In a plant cell what does the cell wall do?

A

Strengthens and supports the cell to keep its shape, made up of cellulose.

32
Q

In a plant cell what does the Vacuole do?

A

Storage space filled with cell sap, helps to keep the cell rigid.

33
Q

In a plant cell what does the Chloroplast do?

A

Where photosynthesis takes place to make food for the plant.

34
Q

In a bacteria cell what does the Genetic Material do?

A

Carries most of the bacterial genes.

35
Q

In a bacteria cell what does Plasmids do?

A

Some bacteria have extra circles of DNA, these contain additional genes not found in the chromosomes.

36
Q

In a bacteria cell what does the Flagella do?

A

Can have more than one. It rotates to move the bacteria cell.

37
Q

In a bacteria cell what does the Slime Capsule do?

A

Protects the cell and helps it cause disease.

38
Q

Why do we need a nervous system?

A

Enables humans to react to external surroundings and coordinate behaviour in response

39
Q

What is stimuli?

A

changes in your internal and external
surroundings

40
Q

What are receptors?

A

detects stimuli through cells

41
Q

What is the nervous system made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

42
Q

How is information carried around the nervous system?

A

Electrical Signals

43
Q

What is the purpose of reflexes?

A

To avoid danger or harm and take care of basic body functions

GCSE Biology (4 decks)

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