Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > year 9 end of years > Flashcards

year 9 end of years Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is an atom?

A

the smallest part of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a molecule?

A

a substance made of more than one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an element?

A

one type of atom on its own or joined to another atom of the same type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a compound?

A

different types of atom joined by a chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a mixture?

A

different types of atoms or compounds that can be physically separated (no chemical bond)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is an atomic number and what does it represent?

A

the atomic number represents the number of electrons which is also the number of protons - it is normally the smaller bottom - on the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a mass number?

A

the mass number is the sum of protons + neutrons - it is normally the bigger number - on the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is an isotope?

A

isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number (same amount of protons, different amounts of neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does RAM stand for?

A

Relative Atomic Mass (it can also be written as a capital A with a small r)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is relative atomic mass?

A

a formula (measuring the weight in grams of the number of atoms of the element)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the RAM formula?

A

(mass number x natural abundance) + (mass number x natural abundance) divided by 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a solvent?

A

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a solute?

A

a substance that is dissolved in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a solution?

A

formed when the solute and solvent mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a saturated solution?

A

a solution that has dissolved as much as it is capable of dissolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is simple distillation?

A

the solution is heated until the substance with the lowest boiling point starts to evaporate. The vapour is cooled and condenses (turns back to liquid). This liquid is then collected, leaving the rest of the solution back in the original conical flask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is fractional distillation?

A

this is the same as simple distillation, but the original solution is heated by an electrical heater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is filtration?

A

filter paper is placed in a funnel above a beaker, the mixture of an insoluble solid and liquid is poured through which will only allow small liquid particles to pass through as filtrate. the solid particles are left on top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is crystallisation?

A

the solution is heated, allowing the solvent to evaporate to leave a saturated solution, which is then allowed to cool and solids will come out of the solution and crystals will grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is paper chromatography?

A

a pencil line is drawn on chromatography paper, and spots of ink/dye are placed on it. Paper is lowered into solvent, allowing the solvent to travel up the paper, taking some of the coloured substances with it. Different substances have different solubilities so will travel at different rates, causing the substances to spread out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does chromatography provide information about the composition of a mixture?

A

it shows how the mixture is made by showing the solubility of the different substances that make the mixture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do you figure out the Rf value?

A

(distance travelled by component) divided by (distance travelled by the solvent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

does the Rf value have to be between 0 and 1?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

‘the smaller the Rf value, the more soluble the substance is’. Is this true?

A

no, it’s ‘the bigger the Rf value, the more soluble the substance is’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the four factors that affect the rate of reaction?

A

concentration, temperature, use of catalyst and surface area of solid reactions

26
Q

in filtration, what is the stuff that goes through the filter paper called?

A

residue

27
Q

in filtration, what is the liquid that gets collected at the bottom called?

A

filtrate

28
Q

what charge are protons?

A

positive (+1)

29
Q

what charge are neutrons?

A

neutral - no charge (0)

30
Q

what charge are electrons?

A

negative (-1)

31
Q

where are protons found?

A

in the nucleus of an atom

32
Q

where are neutrons found?

A

in the nucleus of an atom

33
Q

where are electrons found?

A

on the shells on the outside of an atom

34
Q

what is the mass of protons?

A

1

35
Q

what is the mass of neutrons?

A

1

36
Q

what is the mass of electrons?

A

almost 0

37
Q

what are energy shells?

A

areas around the nucleus where you can find electrons and are usually drawn as circles

38
Q

in metal ions, is it true that they loose their outer shell?

A

yes

39
Q

in non-metal ions, do they gain electrons to complete the shell?

A

yes

40
Q

what are some properties of metals?

A

silver/gold, higher melting point, shiny, conduct heat and electricity and some are magnetic

41
Q

what are some properties of non-metals?

A

dull, lower melting point, brittle and does not conduct electricity

42
Q

what is the name of group 1 elements?

A

alkali metals

43
Q

what is the name of group 7 elements?

A

halogens

44
Q

what is the name of group 0 elements?

A

the noble gases

45
Q

as you go down group 1, do the elements become more or less reactive?

A

more reactive

46
Q

as you go down group 7, do the elements become more or less reactive?

A

less reactive

47
Q

why are group 0 elements unreactive?

A

they already have a full outer shell

48
Q

when you go down group 7 do the elements boiling points increase or decrease?

A

increases

49
Q

as you go down group 1, the elements are more reactive. why?

A

group 1 elements only have 1 electron on their outer shell meaning to react they have to loose that electron. when the outer electron gets further away from the nucleus there is less attraction so it is easer to loos the electron

50
Q

as you go down group 7, the elements get less reactive. why?

A

group 7 elements have 7 electrons on their outer shell so they have to gain 1 more to have a full outer shell. it is easy to gain an electron when the outer shell is close to the nucleus so when the outer shell gets further away it gets harder to gain that electron

51
Q

why do the boiling points of group 7 elements increase when you go down the group?

A

the heavier/bigger the atom, the bigger the bond, so it is harder to break it apart and requires more energy to do so

52
Q

what colour is fluorine?

A

pale yellow (gas)

53
Q

what colour is chlorine?

A

pale green / yellow (gas)

54
Q

what colour is bromine)

A

red-brown (liquid)

55
Q

what colour is iodine?

A

grey solid / pink gas

56
Q

in ionic bonding, do metals loose or gain the outer shell?

A

metals loose their outer shell

57
Q

in ionic bonding, do non-metals loose or gain the outer shell?

A

non-metals gain electrons to make a full outer shell

58
Q

what is diffusion?

A

gradual movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

59
Q

what is it called when you go from?
a) a solid to gas?
b) a gas to solid?

A

a) sublimation
b) deposition

60
Q

what is it called when you go from?
a) a liquid to gas?
b) a gas to liquid?

A

a) evaporation
b) condensation

60
Q

what is it called when you go from?
a) a solid to liquid?
b) a liquid to solid?

A

a) melting
b) freezing

Chemistry (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions