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Biology > year 9 end of years > Flashcards

year 9 end of years Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of a nucleus?

A

it controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material

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2
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?

A

it is where respiration happens to release energy

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3
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

it is where proteins are made

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4
Q

what is the function of cytoplasm?

A

it is where all chemical reactions happen

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5
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane?

A

it controls what enters and leaves the cell

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6
Q

what is the function of chloroplast?

A

contains chlorophyll which traps light for photosynthesis

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7
Q

what is the function of a cell wall?

A

it supports the cell (holds it together)

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8
Q

what is the function of a vacuole?

A

contains cell sap

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9
Q

in an animal cell, what is glucose stored as?

A

glycogen

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10
Q

in a plant cell, what is glucose stored as?

A

starch

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11
Q

what is saprotrophic nutrition?

A

it is a mode of extracellular nutrition in which digestive enzymes are secreted onto the food outside the cell and the products of digestion are absorbed

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12
Q

what does pathogenic mean?

A

causes diseases

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13
Q

are protoctists multicellular organisms?

A

no, they are microscopic single-celled organisms

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14
Q

what are the cell walls of fungi made out of?

A

chitin

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15
Q

are bacteria multicellular organisms?

A

no, they are microscopic single-celled organisms

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16
Q

what are the cell walls of plants made out of?

A

cellulose

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17
Q

does bacteria have a nucleus?

A

no, but they do contain circular chromosomes of DNA

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18
Q

why do you do the iodine food test?

A

to test for starch in foods

19
Q

why do you do the benedicts food test?

A

to test for sugar in foods

20
Q

why do you do the biuret food test?

A

to test for proteins in foods

21
Q

why do you do the sudan III food test?

A

to test for lipids in foods

22
Q

in the iodine test, what is the colour change?

A

brown to blue-black

23
Q

in the benedicts test, what is the colour change?

A

blue to brick-red

24
Q

in the biuret test, what is the colour change?

A

blue to purple

25
Q

in the sudan III test, what is formed if there is lipids present?

A

a red ring is formed

26
Q

what does it mean by saying an enzymes optimum temperature?

A

optimum temperatures would be where the rate of reaction is highest

27
Q

what are carbohydrates made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

28
Q

what are fats (lipids) made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

29
Q

what are proteins made of?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

30
Q

how are proteins digested?

A

proteins are digested by protease enzymes into single amino acids

31
Q

how are fats (lipids) digested?

A

fats are digested by lipase into fatty acids and glycerol

32
Q

how are carbohydrates digested?

A

starch is digested by amylase into maltose. maltose is then digested into glucose by maltase

33
Q

what does bile do?

A

bile emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area for lipase to work on

34
Q

where is bile made?

A

liver

35
Q

where is bile stored?

A

gallbladder

36
Q

what is glucose?

A

glucose is a simple sugar which is small enough to be absorbed into the blood in the small intestine

37
Q

can fibre be digested?

A

no but it helps the gut by giving something to push on

38
Q

why is it important to have lots of water in your diet?

A

because all chemical reactions in your body take place in a solution

39
Q

where is iron found?

A

found in haemoglobin found in red blood cells

40
Q

what are some protoctist kingdom examples?

A

ameoba, slime mould

41
Q

what are some fungus kingdom examples?

A

black mould, yeasts, edible mushrooms (oyster)

42
Q

what are some bacteria kingdom examples?

A

E.coli, salmonella

43
Q

what are some virus kingdom examples?

A

flu, chicken pox

44
Q

are viruses living things?

A

no they are not alive

Biology (1 decks)

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